Gercüş
Gercüş | |
|---|---|
 | |
  Gercüş Location in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 37°33′59″N 41°23′04″E / 37.56639°N 41.38444°E | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Batman |
| Population (2021)[1] | 6,064 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
| Website | www.gercus.bel.tr |
Gercüş (Kurdish: Kercoz;[2][a] Syriac: Kfar-Gawze)[5][b] is a town and seat of the Gercüş District of Batman Province in Turkey. The town is populated by Kurds of the Kercoz tribe and had a population of 6,064 in 2021.[7][1]
Etymology
[edit]The town's name in Syriac translates to "village of the walnut-tree".[8] The Kurdish name is derived from the Kurdish word for "tell, settlement mound".[9]
History
[edit]According to the Life of Jacob of Ṣalaḥ, Kfar-Gawze (today called Gercüş) was founded by a wealthy Roman soldier named Gawson prior to Jacob's death in 421 AD.[10] Gawson had been forced to leave Ṣalaḥ after it was discovered that his daughter had committed adultery with his servant Decius.[10] The village is also mentioned in the Life of Theodotus of Amida (d. 698).[8] In the Syriac Orthodox patriarchal register of dues of 1870, it was recorded that Kfar-Gawze had twenty-nine households that owed dues, of whom sixteen paid, and did not have a church or priest.[11]
In 1914, Kfar-Gawze was inhabited by 150 Syriacs, according to the list presented to the Paris Peace Conference by the Assyro-Chaldean delegation.[12] It was located in the kaza of Midyat.[13] It was populated by Syriac Orthodox Christians, Chaldean Catholics, and Muslims.[14] Amidst the Sayfo, at the end of July 1915, despite initially having promised to help and protect the Syriacs, the local Kurdish agha Yusuf Hasan Shamdin took some men from Kfar-Gawze to a place called Zaghore, where they were robbed and killed, and their bodies were thrown into a river.[15] The remaining Syriacs were made to do forced labour and many fled to Midyat.[5] The Mhallami Şeyh Fethullah forced the release of the captive Syriac women and children.[16]
In 1960, the population was 2354.[4] There were 90 Kurdish-speaking Christians in twelve families at Kfar-Gawze in 1966.[4]
Neighbourhoods
[edit]The town is divided into the neighbourhoods of Bağlarbaşı, Çukurçeşme, Pınarbaşı and Yolağzı.[17]
Demography
[edit]The following is a list of the number of Syriac families that have inhabited Kfar-Gawze per year stated. Unless otherwise stated, all figures are from the list provided in The Syrian Orthodox Christians in the Late Ottoman Period and Beyond: Crisis then Revival, as noted in the bibliography below.[18]
References
[edit]Notes
Citations
- ^ a b "31 ARALIK 2021 TARİHLİ ADRESE DAYALI NÜFUS KAYIT SİSTEMİ (ADNKS) SONUÇLARI" (XLS). TÜİK (in Turkish). Retrieved 16 December 2022.
- ^ Tan (2011), p. 110.
- ^ Avcıkıran (2009), p. 56; Ritter (1967), p. 11; Jongerden & Verheij (2012), p. 320; Travis (2018), p. 185; Gaunt (2006), p. 233; Atto (2011), p. 174; Bcheiry (2009), p. 53.
- ^ a b c d Ritter (1967), p. 11.
- ^ a b Gaunt (2006), p. 233.
- ^ Palmer (1990), p. 264; Atto (2011), p. 174; Courtois (2004), p. 227; Hollerweger & Palmer (1999), p. 198.
- ^ Tan (2011), p. 172.
- ^ a b Hoyland & Palmer (2023), p. 206.
- ^ Radner (2006), p. 299.
- ^ a b Palmer (1990), p. 54.
- ^ Bcheiry (2009), p. 53.
- ^ Gaunt (2006), pp. 233, 427.
- ^ Gaunt (2006), p. 427.
- ^ Jongerden & Verheij (2012), p. 249; Gaunt (2006), p. 233.
- ^ Gaunt (2006), pp. 233, 369; Travis (2018), p. 185.
- ^ Jongerden & Verheij (2012), p. 249; Gaunt (2006), pp. 233–234.
- ^ "Türkiye Mülki İdare Bölümleri Envanteri". T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı (in Turkish). Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ Dinno (2017), p. 384.
- ^ Courtois (2004), p. 227.
Bibliography
[edit]- Atto, Naures (2011). Hostages in the Homeland, Orphans in the Diaspora: Identity Discourses Among the Assyrian/Syriac Elites in the European Diaspora (PDF). Leiden University Press. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- Avcıkıran, Adem (2009). Kürtçe Anamnez Anamneza bi Kurmancî (in Turkish and Kurdish).
- Bcheiry, Iskandar (2009). The Syriac Orthodox Patriarchal Register of Dues of 1870: An Unpublished Historical Document from the Late Ottoman Period. Gorgias Press. Retrieved 21 March 2025.
- Courtois, Sébastien de (2004). The Forgotten Genocide: Eastern Christians, The Last Arameans. Translated by Vincent Aurora. Gorgias Press. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
- Dinno, Khalid S. (2017). The Syrian Orthodox Christians in the Late Ottoman Period and Beyond: Crisis then Revival. Gorgias Press. Retrieved 26 November 2024.
- Gaunt, David (2006). Massacres, Resistance, Protectors: Muslim-Christian Relations in Eastern Anatolia during World War I. Gorgias Press. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
- Hollerweger, Hans; Palmer, Andrew (1999). Turabdin: Living Cultural Heritage (in English, German, and Turkish) (2nd ed.). Friends of Tur Abdin.
- Hoyland, Robert G.; Palmer, Andrew N. (2023). The Life of Theodotus of Amida: Syriac Christianity under the Umayyad Caliphate. Gorgias Press.
- Jongerden, Joost; Verheij, Jelle, eds. (2012). Social Relations in Ottoman Diyarbekir, 1870-1915. Brill. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
- Palmer, Andrew (1990). Monk and Mason on the Tigris Frontier: The Early History of Tur Abdin. Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
- Radner, Karen (2006). "How to reach the Upper Tigris: The route through the Tur Abdin" (PDF). State Archives of Assyria Bulletin. 15: 273–305. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
- Ritter, Hellmut (1967). Turoyo: Die Volkssprache der Syrischen Christen des Tur 'Abdin (in German). Vol. 1. Franz Steiner Verlag.
- Tan, Altan (2011). Turabidin'den Berriye'ye: Aşiretler - Dinler - Diller - Kültürler (in Turkish). Nûbihar.
- Travis, Hannibal, ed. (2018). The Assyrian Genocide: Cultural and Political Legacies (PDF). Routledge. Retrieved 30 October 2024.
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