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Selective breeding enlarged desired traits of the wild mustard plant (Brassica oleracea) over hundreds of years, resulting in dozens of today's agricultural crops. Cabbage, kale, broccoli, and cauliflower were all products of this artificial selection, making them all the same plant.

A high school class in Maine - will contribute images to Wikipedia article and the commons until June 14, 2025. The collective goal is to contribute excellent biology diagrams to the Commons and to corresponding Wikipedia articles. This is done as part of an Advanced Placement Biology course. The lead editor is Chris Packard. This project is inspired by the 2009 Wikipedia AP Biology Project. There are many basic and important diagrams missing from biological articles and we're doing our part to fix this.

  • Students will work alone, under my supervision.
  • The time frame will be three weeks.
  • Students will be required to write a summary of why they select a topic; hopefully, eliminating obscure, random topic selections. They also must create labels and captions for their images
  • They may add it to encyclopedia articles.
  • The best of the bunch will be submitted as Wikipedia featured pictures, see other candidates here. Featured images must be in .svg (vector graphic) format.

Feel free to [this project]. Please notify me of any concerns; especially if they involve the behavior of my students on Wikipedia. With a little patience, this should be an inspirational experience for all.

Goals / Motivation

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  • To improve the images in Wikipedia's coverage of Biology articles.
  • To encourage promising students to write, create, learn, and contribute volunteer efforts through a service learning project.
  • The dreaded “Research Project” is a standard hurdle for most AP Programs. Rightfully so, being that many college courses require such publications to validate your existence. This new approach to constructing a scientific document, is far more authentic and interesting. Rather than researching for a paper that is destined for the teacher's eyes and then a one way trip to the circular bin, let us contribute to the world-wide data base for others to benefit. I hope this will be an interesting and memorable project and assessment. It's funny, I can remember a number of projects and papers I wrote during my own high school experience, but I can remember no tests whatsoever.

Contributions

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As you upload your projects and add them to Wikipedia please add them to the gallery below. By adding a new line which begins with the word "File" and them follows the format of my sample image from last year. Make sure to include your caption.

  • SAMPLE - Selective breeding enlarged desired traits of the wild mustard plant (Brassica oleracea) over hundreds of years, resulting in dozens of today's agricultural crops. Cabbage, kale, broccoli, and cauliflower were all products of this artificial selection, making them all the same plant.
    SAMPLE - Selective breeding enlarged desired traits of the wild mustard plant (Brassica oleracea) over hundreds of years, resulting in dozens of today's agricultural crops. Cabbage, kale, broccoli, and cauliflower were all products of this artificial selection, making them all the same plant.
  • Gene expression involves the transcription of mRNA from DNA and then its translation at the ribosome. Unlike eukaryotes, prokaryotes don’t have a nucleus, which allows the ribosome to connect to one end of the mRNA while the other continues transcription. Key: 1 - RNA polymerase, 2 - Cytoplasm, 3 - Cell Membrane, 4 - DNA, 5 - Ribosome, 6 - Amino acid, 7 - Polypeptide chain, 8 - mRNA
    Gene expression involves the transcription of mRNA from DNA and then its translation at the ribosome. Unlike eukaryotes, prokaryotes don’t have a nucleus, which allows the ribosome to connect to one end of the mRNA while the other continues transcription. Key: 1 - RNA polymerase, 2 - Cytoplasm, 3 - Cell Membrane, 4 - DNA, 5 - Ribosome, 6 - Amino acid, 7 - Polypeptide chain, 8 - mRNA
  • Three Members of the Esox Family - These three fishes are all types of pike (Esox). As seen in the diagram, these three fishes have many differences with their physical appearance. The size varies, The chain pickerel (Esox niger), is the smallest of the three and typically grows less than 20 inches. The northern pike (Esox lucius) typically grows 30 to 40 inches. The muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) is the largest of the three, typically growing 50 inches. Each fish has a distinctive coloration. The chain pickerel has a chain-like pattern on their side contrasting a lighter color with a darker green color. The northern pike has a large-random dot pattern that varies across the fish. Then, looking at the muskellunge, the pattern is also different, as this fish has large, dark lines going up and down the fish.
    Three Members of the Esox Family - These three fishes are all types of pike (Esox). As seen in the diagram, these three fishes have many differences with their physical appearance. The size varies, The chain pickerel (Esox niger), is the smallest of the three and typically grows less than 20 inches. The northern pike (Esox lucius) typically grows 30 to 40 inches. The muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) is the largest of the three, typically growing 50 inches. Each fish has a distinctive coloration. The chain pickerel has a chain-like pattern on their side contrasting a lighter color with a darker green color. The northern pike has a large-random dot pattern that varies across the fish. Then, looking at the muskellunge, the pattern is also different, as this fish has large, dark lines going up and down the fish.
  • Plant sensory stimulation mechanism-Plants respond to environmental stimuli through various directional growth behaviors known as tropisms. This diagram illustrates four key types:1.Phototropism Growth towards light. 2.Hydrotropism Root growth towards water. 3.Chemotropism Root growth towards higher nutrient concentrations. 4.Gravitropism (Geotropism) Roots grow downward in response to gravity.These help plants adapt and survive and stability in their environment.
    Plant sensory stimulation mechanism-Plants respond to environmental stimuli through various directional growth behaviors known as tropisms. This diagram illustrates four key types:1.Phototropism Growth towards light. 2.Hydrotropism Root growth towards water. 3.Chemotropism Root growth towards higher nutrient concentrations. 4.Gravitropism (Geotropism) Roots grow downward in response to gravity.These help plants adapt and survive and stability in their environment.
  • Global hypomethylation is when methyl groups do not bond to CpG islands, causing an oncogene to be expressed when it otherwise should not be. In the diagram, cell 1 is cancer-free as it is not experiencing hypomethylation. Then, we see an example of hypomethylation where methyl groups do not bond, causing the expression of an oncogene and thus inducing cancer development. Methylation can also silence a tumor suppressor gene. In the diagram, we see that cell 3 is cancer-free, as there is no hypermethylation,n meaning methyl groups are not actively bound and silencing a tumor suppressor gene. In cell 4, it is cancerous due to hypermethylation, causing the tumor suppressor gene to not be expressed.
    Global hypomethylation is when methyl groups do not bond to CpG islands, causing an oncogene to be expressed when it otherwise should not be. In the diagram, cell 1 is cancer-free as it is not experiencing hypomethylation. Then, we see an example of hypomethylation where methyl groups do not bond, causing the expression of an oncogene and thus inducing cancer development. Methylation can also silence a tumor suppressor gene. In the diagram, we see that cell 3 is cancer-free, as there is no hypermethylation,n meaning methyl groups are not actively bound and silencing a tumor suppressor gene. In cell 4, it is cancerous due to hypermethylation, causing the tumor suppressor gene to not be expressed.
  • Diagram A shows a pedigree that demonstrates how a hybrid swarm is formed. Two species combine initially with different genetic makeups and create new combinations of genes. The new species mate with the parent species, as well as with other hybrids. Through extensive hybridization and interbreeding a new population including hybrids, back crosses, and parent types forms, called a hybrid swarm. Diagram B shows the results of hybridization. The final population, or the hybrid swarm, consists of many individuals with varying genetic makeups. This is due to the extensive hybridization, which is how the organisms obtain their different genetic combinations.
    Diagram A shows a pedigree that demonstrates how a hybrid swarm is formed. Two species combine initially with different genetic makeups and create new combinations of genes. The new species mate with the parent species, as well as with other hybrids. Through extensive hybridization and interbreeding a new population including hybrids, back crosses, and parent types forms, called a hybrid swarm. Diagram B shows the results of hybridization. The final population, or the hybrid swarm, consists of many individuals with varying genetic makeups. This is due to the extensive hybridization, which is how the organisms obtain their different genetic combinations.
  • A Stentor (ciliate) is a large, trumpet-shaped, single-celled organism commonly found in freshwater environments. The diagram highlights key organelles involved in its locomotion, feeding, and regeneration. 1 - cilia 2 - oral pouch 3 - micronucleus 4 - macronuclear nodes 5 - holdfast 6 - peristome 7 - gullet 8 - food vacuole 9 - contractile vacuole
    A Stentor (ciliate) is a large, trumpet-shaped, single-celled organism commonly found in freshwater environments. The diagram highlights key organelles involved in its locomotion, feeding, and regeneration. 1 - cilia 2 - oral pouch 3 - micronucleus 4 - macronuclear nodes 5 - holdfast 6 - peristome 7 - gullet 8 - food vacuole 9 - contractile vacuole
  • Autocrine signaling, a type of cell signaling, is characterized by a cell producing an autocrine agent (a hormone or chemical messenger) in order to cause cell changes within itself. Key- 1: A vesicle transporting autocrine agents through exocytosis. 2: Autocrine agents outside of the cell. 3: Reception of the agent. 4: Signal transduction. 5: Transcription occurring in the nucleus (note: other cellular changes are possible).
    Autocrine signaling, a type of cell signaling, is characterized by a cell producing an autocrine agent (a hormone or chemical messenger) in order to cause cell changes within itself. Key- 1: A vesicle transporting autocrine agents through exocytosis. 2: Autocrine agents outside of the cell. 3: Reception of the agent. 4: Signal transduction. 5: Transcription occurring in the nucleus (note: other cellular changes are possible).
  • This is a cross section showing the different layers of a leaf. 1 - Upper epidermis 2 - Palisade mesophyll 3 - Spongy mesophyll 4 - Vein 5 - Xylem 6 - Phloem 7 - Collenchyma 8 - Chloroplasts 9 - Nucleus 10 - Vacuole 11 - Stomata 12 - Cuticle
    This is a cross section showing the different layers of a leaf. 1 - Upper epidermis 2 - Palisade mesophyll 3 - Spongy mesophyll 4 - Vein 5 - Xylem 6 - Phloem 7 - Collenchyma 8 - Chloroplasts 9 - Nucleus 10 - Vacuole 11 - Stomata 12 - Cuticle
  • This TRP operon diagram shows a negative feedback loop by a repressible operon— this is a genetic control system where the default state of gene expression is on but it can be turned off by a specific molecule. I. TRP levels are low and therefore transcription occurs.1.DNA 2.Regulatory Gene 3.Promoter 4.Operator 5.TRP Structural Genes 6.Terminator 7.RNA Polymerase 8.TRP Proteins 9.DNA is transcribed to make mRNA, which gets translated into a repressor protein. 10.Repressor protein 11.The repressor protein cannot bind to the operator 12.Transcription occurs 13.TRP structural genes are transcribed to make mRNA, which gets translated into TRP Proteins II.TRP levels are high and therefore transcription is blocked. 14.A corepressor molecule 15.Active repressor protein 16.The active repressor protein binds into the operator and stops transcription
    This TRP operon diagram shows a negative feedback loop by a repressible operon— this is a genetic control system where the default state of gene expression is on but it can be turned off by a specific molecule. I. TRP levels are low and therefore transcription occurs.1.DNA 2.Regulatory Gene 3.Promoter 4.Operator 5.TRP Structural Genes 6.Terminator 7.RNA Polymerase 8.TRP Proteins 9.DNA is transcribed to make mRNA, which gets translated into a repressor protein. 10.Repressor protein 11.The repressor protein cannot bind to the operator 12.Transcription occurs 13.TRP structural genes are transcribed to make mRNA, which gets translated into TRP Proteins II.TRP levels are high and therefore transcription is blocked. 14.A corepressor molecule 15.Active repressor protein 16.The active repressor protein binds into the operator and stops transcription
  • Urban lizards like Anolis carolinensis are evolving in response to their type of environment. The anolis lizards can have different colored dewlaps due to what environment they live in. In dark environments, like jungles or high vegetated areas, anolis lizards have bright dewlaps. They have these bright colors because of the amount of sunlight they get. In jungles they have trees and high vegetation blocking the sunlight. These colors can help them attract mates with their high vibrant colors. In bright environments, like savana plains or low vegetation, anolis lizards have darker dewlaps. They have these colors because of the low vegetation and so they can have a good contrast to the bright sun. These differences in their colors of dewlaps are due to evolution, natural selection, and sexual selection.
    Urban lizards like Anolis carolinensis are evolving in response to their type of environment. The anolis lizards can have different colored dewlaps due to what environment they live in. In dark environments, like jungles or high vegetated areas, anolis lizards have bright dewlaps. They have these bright colors because of the amount of sunlight they get. In jungles they have trees and high vegetation blocking the sunlight. These colors can help them attract mates with their high vibrant colors. In bright environments, like savana plains or low vegetation, anolis lizards have darker dewlaps. They have these colors because of the low vegetation and so they can have a good contrast to the bright sun. These differences in their colors of dewlaps are due to evolution, natural selection, and sexual selection.
  • Extinction of the red flowers causes the hummingbirds with short beaks to be less biologically fit, leaving only long-beaked hummingbirds.
    Extinction of the red flowers causes the hummingbirds with short beaks to be less biologically fit, leaving only long-beaked hummingbirds.
  • This image shows bundle branch block where the beating rhythm is hindered, but not stopped. A blockage in Site A in the left ventricle blocks electrical signals from the atrium, causing the heart to rely on the right ventricle to maintain the correct rhythm. A:obstruction B:sinus node C:atrioventricular (AV) node 1:right atrium 2:left atrium 3:left ventricle 4:right ventricle
    This image shows bundle branch block where the beating rhythm is hindered, but not stopped. A blockage in Site A in the left ventricle blocks electrical signals from the atrium, causing the heart to rely on the right ventricle to maintain the correct rhythm. A:obstruction B:sinus node C:atrioventricular (AV) node 1:right atrium 2:left atrium 3:left ventricle 4:right ventricle
  • The absorption and distribution of water through the scales and skin of the thorny devil lizard from moisture in the environment to the mouth for ingestion. 1. Water flowing through the channels beneath the scales via capillary action. 2. Moisture builds up on the hydrophilic skin into these microstructures which allow for water to spread across more surface area.
    The absorption and distribution of water through the scales and skin of the thorny devil lizard from moisture in the environment to the mouth for ingestion. 1. Water flowing through the channels beneath the scales via capillary action. 2. Moisture builds up on the hydrophilic skin into these microstructures which allow for water to spread across more surface area.
  • Diagram of chemosynthesis powered by hydrothermal vents. Symbiotic microbes inside of tubeworms conduct a reaction with hydrogen sulfide and oxygen resulting in the creation of a high-energy precursor molecule. This precursor is then used by the microbes to create sugar. 1 - Hydrothermal Vents 2 - Hydrogen Sulfide 3 - Dissolved Oxygen 4 - Microbes 5 - Tubeworms 6 - High-energy Precursor 7 - Sugar
    Diagram of chemosynthesis powered by hydrothermal vents. Symbiotic microbes inside of tubeworms conduct a reaction with hydrogen sulfide and oxygen resulting in the creation of a high-energy precursor molecule. This precursor is then used by the microbes to create sugar. 1 - Hydrothermal Vents 2 - Hydrogen Sulfide 3 - Dissolved Oxygen 4 - Microbes 5 - Tubeworms 6 - High-energy Precursor 7 - Sugar
  • Image showing where in the skin different cancers develop. Skin cancers form in different layers of the skin. In the stratum Basale, two types of cancer can form: melanoma and basal cell carcinoma. Melanoma forms from melanocytes, the brown cells depicted in the diagram, and the melanoma is shown in the same color. Basal cell carcinoma forms from keratinocytes and is represented by the red cells, and the basal cell carcinoma is color-coded red as well. Squamous cell carcinoma forms in the stratum spinosum and forms from squamous cells. The squamous cells are tan, and the squamous cell carcinoma is coded tan as well. A - Melanoma, B - Basal Cell Carcinoma, C - Squamous Cell Carcinoma, and D - Control (No Cancer). 1 - Stratum Corneum, 2 - Stratum Lucidum, 3 - Stratum Granulosum, 4 - Stratum Spinosum, and 5 - Stratum Basale.
    Image showing where in the skin different cancers develop. Skin cancers form in different layers of the skin. In the stratum Basale, two types of cancer can form: melanoma and basal cell carcinoma. Melanoma forms from melanocytes, the brown cells depicted in the diagram, and the melanoma is shown in the same color. Basal cell carcinoma forms from keratinocytes and is represented by the red cells, and the basal cell carcinoma is color-coded red as well. Squamous cell carcinoma forms in the stratum spinosum and forms from squamous cells. The squamous cells are tan, and the squamous cell carcinoma is coded tan as well. A - Melanoma, B - Basal Cell Carcinoma, C - Squamous Cell Carcinoma, and D - Control (No Cancer). 1 - Stratum Corneum, 2 - Stratum Lucidum, 3 - Stratum Granulosum, 4 - Stratum Spinosum, and 5 - Stratum Basale.
  • This diagram shows a top-down trophic cascade, where side 1 is at equilibrium; side 2 is in the top-down trophic cascade, with the population of the wolves being significantly reduced. c.) Trophic Level 3: Where the apex predator is found. The wolf in this environment is the apex predator. b.) Trophic Level 2: Where the primary consumers are located. The deer are the primary consumer in this environment. a.) Trophic Level 1: The trees, and grass, are the primary producers in the environment.
    This diagram shows a top-down trophic cascade, where side 1 is at equilibrium; side 2 is in the top-down trophic cascade, with the population of the wolves being significantly reduced. c.) Trophic Level 3: Where the apex predator is found. The wolf in this environment is the apex predator. b.) Trophic Level 2: Where the primary consumers are located. The deer are the primary consumer in this environment. a.) Trophic Level 1: The trees, and grass, are the primary producers in the environment.
  • The image illustrates the presence of the Rh factor across different blood types, examines the antigens associated with each ABO blood group, and shows which traits are dominant and recessive.
    The image illustrates the presence of the Rh factor across different blood types, examines the antigens associated with each ABO blood group, and shows which traits are dominant and recessive.
  • This is a diagram that shows how oil spills can affect the Atlantic Puffin and their population by killing them and, or allowing for the inhalation of oil into the lungs and gut causing liver and kidney damage harming reproductive success.
    This is a diagram that shows how oil spills can affect the Atlantic Puffin and their population by killing them and, or allowing for the inhalation of oil into the lungs and gut causing liver and kidney damage harming reproductive success.
Codominance and incomplete dominance are unique examples of how genes can be expressed in a heterozygous state (CBCY). Column 1 depicts a dominant gene being expressed in the phenotype, with the dominant allele masking the recessive allele. Column 2 depicts co-dominance, which is when both alleles are visible in the phenotype and neither allele masks the other. Column 3 depicts incomplete dominance, where the dominant allele (CB) is blended with the recessive allele.

Contributors

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Add your user name here in the appropriate sections following my example. Just add this template with your username instead of the line: {{user|username}} and then, if your username is not identifiable, your real first name.

Teacher

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Mods 8-10

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Karsh Basal Cell, Squamous Cell, and Melanoma Diagram

kmi1861 (talk · contribs)-Nora - plant sensory stimulation mechanism (phototropism, geotropism, etc)

Honeybea1156 (talk · contribs) - Beatrix - prokaryotic translation

Chezton (talk · contribs) - Preston - Atrioventricular Heart Block

Seamac10 (talk · contribs) - Seamus - Epigenetics (DNA methylation in cancer)

Rusticflower597 (talk · contribs) - Teagan - Hybrid Swarms

JasmineHamm (talk · contribs) - Jasmine - Stentor

GraySparks136 (talk · contribs) - Gray - Difference between Dewlaps in Dark and Bright environments

Claraoldenburg (talk · contribs) - diagram showing antigen component for ABO and Rh factor presence

Nballer8021 (talk · contribs) - difference between multiple fish in the esocidae family

Emmenguyen (talk · contribs) - Emme - codominance and incomplete dominance

Mods 11-13

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Kofieapplecore (talk · contribs) - Amaka - trp operon

A-tinypancake (talk · contribs) - Paige S. - trophic cascade

Landenp (talk · contribs) - Landen- Autocrine signaling

ENtrustMe (talk · contribs) - Eli - Chemosynthesis

Rowanosmer (talk · contribs) - Rowan - Leaf Structure Diagram

AJNichols08 (talk · contribs) - Autumn - Harms of Oil Spills On Atlantic Puffins

JasperSparks (talk · contribs) - Jasper - Absorption of water through the skin of the thorny devil lizard

Uploading

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In order to complete the assignment and reap all the benefits of your hard work (such as a good grade) you MUST complete all of the following steps. If you need help, just ask.

How to, step by step

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Step 1: Create a Wikipedia Global account by clicking "Login/create account" in the upper right hand corner of this page. Then sign up for a topic on here and in class by submitting a proposal.
Step 2: Click here to use the WikiCommons File Upload Wizard
Step 3: If you didn't do it in the Wizard, categorize your image by adding a one or more [[Category:_______]] tags at the bottom of the page (fill in the name of the category in the _______.) You might use Category:Biology diagrams (but that's not a very helpful category) or something more specific like Category:Molecular biology or something else appropriate.
Step 4: If you didn't do it in the Wizard you should also now add your labels and your caption information in the description to your upload page in the Commons.
Step 5: Your image is now available in all Wiki Projects, including Wikipedia. So let's add it to the article! Go to the article you want to add your donated image to. In the top of the section of the article or the subheading you want to add the image to add something like this:

[[File:MY IMAGE NAME.png|right|thumb|200px|The [[caption]] of '''my image'''.]]
That's not too hard is it? For your caption you'll need to follow Wikipedia style and use some mark up to do this - it's kind of like a micro-essay. The [[ ]] creates a link to the given page on Wikipedia and the ''' ''' make the word bold, in Wikipedia it's appropriate to bold the title of the article the first time it's used in the text or in a caption."


Step 6: Wow you've done it! Now you just have to turn in your work by adding it to gallery in the section above here called "Contributions". Just follow the model I provided in the first entry. Make sure that your entry is between the <gallery> and </gallery> tags or it won't show up. Your caption will likely have to be shorter than your description, see the style advice below.

Style guides

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To get past the stumbling blocks of editing Wikipedia, articles will have to conform to the Wikipedia style guides. The largest barriers are:

You can always ask for help at:

Writing a good image caption

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Policies and guidelines (list)
Principles
Content policies
Conduct policies
Other policy categories
Directories

There are several criteria for a good caption. A good caption:

  1. clearly identifies the subject of the picture, without detailing the obvious.
  2. is succinct (that means short).
  3. establishes the picture's relevance to the article.
  4. provides context for the picture.
  5. draws the reader into the article.

Different people read articles different ways. Some people start at the top and read each word until the end. Others read the first paragraph and scan through for other interesting information, looking especially at pictures and captions. For those readers, even if the information is adjacent in the text, they will not find it unless it is in the caption—but do not tell the whole story in the caption—use the caption to make the reader curious about the subject.

Another way of approaching the job: imagine you're giving a lecture based on the encyclopedia article, and you are using the image to illustrate the lecture. What would you say while attention is on the image? What do you want your audience to notice in the image, and why? Corollary: if you have got nothing to say, then the image probably does not belong in the article.

Image guidelines

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The most important thing about an image is that you created - you may not use an image you got from the internet or that someone else created, that is copyright violation, illegal and thus banned from Wikipedia. Additionally you may not use software to alter another person's image for use with, including "vectorizing" a photograph into an SVG.

Three types of image types are allowed for this project:

  1. Vector Diagrams - in SVG format - vector images are 2D line and shape based images rather than 1D pixel-based raster images. Vector images are best for diagrams because they have no resolution and can be scaled infinitely large or small without loosing quality. Most diagrams should be in this format. Google Drawings, Adobe Illustrator, or Inkscape are examples of vector based drawing programs. Most photo-editing, drawing, or painting programs should not be used because most are raster based images.
  2. Animations - GIF - these are like the animations we created only they self advance. They need to flow smoothly and look like an animation not a slide show.
  3. Photographs of actual biological objects - in some cases it would be appropriate to create and upload a photograph of biological material, organisms, or ecosystems. These should be high resolution and have good composition. If they are for a series or collage they need to be framed identically. Take extra photographs with different angles, it's better to have too many and not use some then to not have what you need. Certain videos might also be acceptable.

Images for the lead

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It is very common to use an appropriate representative image for the lead of an article, often as part of an infobox. The image helps to provide a visual association for the topic, and allows readers to quickly assess if they have arrived at the right page. For most topics, the selection of a lead image is plainly obvious: a photograph or artistic work of a person, photographs of a city, or a cover of a book or album, to name a few.

Image selection for other topics may be more difficult and several possible choices could be made. While Wikipedia is not censored, as outlined in the above section on offensive images, the selection of the lead image should be made with some care with respect to this advice. Lead images are loaded and shown upon navigating to the page, and are one of the first things that readers will see. Editors should avoid using images that readers would not have expected to see when navigating to the page. Unlike other content on a page that falls below the lead, the lead image should be chosen with these considerations in mind.

Some advice on selecting a lead image include the following:

  1. Lead images should be images that are natural and appropriate visual representations of the topic; they not only should be illustrating the topic specifically, but should also be the type of image that is used for similar purposes in high-quality reference works, and therefore what our readers will expect to see. Lead images are not required, and not having a lead image may be the best solution if there is no easy representation of the topic.
  2. Lead images should be selected to be of least shock value; if an alternative image exists that still is an accurate representation of the topic but without shock value, it should always be preferred. For example, using an image of deportees being subjected to selection as the lead image at this version of Holocaust is far preferable to the appropriate images that appear later in the article that show the treatment of the prisoners or corpses from the camps.
  3. Sometimes it is impossible to avoid the use of a lead image with perceived shock value if the topic itself is of that nature, for example in articles on various parts of human genitalia. It should be anticipated, through Wikipedia:Content disclaimer, that readers will be aware they will be exposed to potentially shocking images when navigating to articles on such topics.

Planning and resources

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Talk pages

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These are places where you can leave and receive messages and questions, every page has one. Whenever you edit these pages, make sure that you are signed in. Also, add four tildes ~~~~ to the end of all comments you make on talk pages. This will let people know who is talking.

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