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National Ethnic Affairs Commission

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National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China
中华人民共和国国家民族事务委员会
Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Guójiā Mínzú Shìwù Wěiyuánhuì
Agency overview
Formed1949; 76 years ago (1949)
JurisdictionGovernment of China
HeadquartersBeijing
Minister responsible
Parent agencyUnited Front Work Department of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
Child agency
Websitewww.neac.gov.cn Edit this at Wikidata
National Ethnic Affairs Commission
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese中华人民共和国国家民族事务委员会
Traditional Chinese中華人民共和國國家民族事務委員會
Literal meaningNational Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinZhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Guójiā Mínzú Shìwù Wěiyuánhuì
Alternative Chinese name
Simplified Chinese国家民委
Traditional Chinese國家民委
Literal meaningNational Ethnic-Commission
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinGuójiā Mínwěi
Tibetan name
Tibetanཀྲུང་ཧྭ་མི་དམངས་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་མི་རིགས་དོན་གཅོད་ཨུ་ཡོན་ལྷན་ཁང་
Zhuang name
ZhuangCunghvaz Yinzminz Gunghozgoz Guekgya Minzcuz Swvu Veijyenzvei
Mongolian name
Mongolian scriptᠪᠥᠬᠥᠳᠡ
ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ
ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ
ᠠᠷᠠᠳ
ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ
ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ
ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ
ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ
ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ
Uyghur name
Uyghurجۇڭخۇا خەلق جۇمھۇرىيتى دۆلەت مىللەت ئىشلىرى كومىتېتى‎

The National Ethnic Affairs Commission (NEAC), also called the State Ethnic Affairs Commission (SEAC), is a body under the leadership of the United Front Work Department of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party that is responsible for administering the Chinese ethnic policies, researching ethnological theories, carrying out ethnic work and education, supervising the implementation and improvement of the system of regional ethnic autonomy.[1][2]

History

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In 1949, the Ethnic Affairs Commission of the Central People's Government (Chinese: 中央人民政府民族事务委员会) was established. In 1954, the Ethnic Affairs Commission of the Central People's Government was renamed the Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China (Chinese: 中华人民共和国民族事务委员会). The PRC Ethnic Affairs Commission was abolished in 1970.[3] The State Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China (Chinese: 中华人民共和国国家民族事务委员会) was established.[4] Since 1978, it has been a constituent department of the State Council.[5][6]

The National Ethnic Affairs Commission was put under the leadership of the United Front Work Department of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party in March 2018 as part of the deepening the reform of the Party and state institutions.[7][8][9] The National Ethnic Affairs Commission remains as a constituent department of the State Council.[10]

On August 31, 2020, according to the National Development and Reform Commission's "Implementation Opinions on Comprehensively Pushing Forward the Reform of Delinking Trade Associations and Administrative Organs", the China Association of Ethnic Folk Crafts and Arts Artists, the China Ethnic Economy Promotion Association for Foreign Cooperation, and the National Association of Ethnic Secondary Education, formerly under the supervision of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, were separated from the State Ethnic Affairs Commission.[11][12]

In 2022, the NEAC launched a publication called DeepChina and its domestic Chinese edition Dao Zhonghua (Chinese: 道中華) to conduct "public opinion struggle" and "cognitive warfare" in support of the CCP's ethnic policies.[13] In 2025, the State Council granted NEAC authority to design and pilot a new and explicitly "political" ethnographic field of study at 15 universities that emphasizes "community" between Han and non-Han ethnicities in mainland China.[14]

Organization

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According to the Provisions on the Functional Configuration, Internal Organizations and Staffing of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission and the Approval of the Central Editorial Office on Adjusting the Organizational Establishment of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, the NEAC has set up the following organizations:[15]

Internal Organizations

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  • General Office
  • Division of Coordination and Promotion
  • Division of Theory and Research
  • Division of Policies and Regulations
  • Division of Promotion of National Unity
  • Division of Joint Development
  • Division of Culture and Publicity
  • Division of Education
  • Division of International Exchange (Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan Office)
  • Division of Personnel
  • Division Party Committee of Organizations
  • Bureau of Retired Cadres

Directly Affiliated Organizations

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  • Public Opinion Center (Chinese: 舆情中心)
  • Ancient Book Processing and Research Office (Chinese: 古籍整理研究室)
  • Organization Service Center (Organization Service Bureau)

Directly Affiliated Cultural institutions

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Directly Affiliated Higher Education Institutions

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Directly Affiliated Enterprise Units

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Leadership

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This section is an excerpt from Director of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission § List of directors.[edit]
No. Portrait Name Took office Left office Important offices held during tenure Highest office held Notes Ref.
Director of the Ethnic Affairs Commission of the Central People's Government
1 Li Weihan 19 October 1949 28 September 1954 Secretary-General of the State Council, Head of the United Front Work Department Member of the Politburo Standing Committee, Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, Vice Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference

Deputy Director of the Central Advisory Commission

Deputy-state level, Han [16]
Director of the Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China
2 Ulanhu 28 September 1954 22 June 1970 Vice Premier of the State Council Vice President of China Deputy-state level, Mongol
Director of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China
3 Yang Jingren 5 March 1978 20 January 1986 Deputy Head of the United Front Work Department

Vice Premier of the State Council since September 1980, Vice Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference since June 1983

Deputy-state level, Hui
4 Ismail Amat 20 January 1986 18 March 1998 Vice Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference since April 1988

State Councilor since 1993

Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress Deputy-state level, Uyghur [17]
5 Li Dezhu 18 March 1998 17 March 2008 Deputy Head of the United Front Work Department Korean [18]
6 Yang Jing 17 March 2008 16 March 2013 Deputy Head of the United Front Work Department

Secretary of the CCP Secretariat since November 2012

State Councilor and Secretary-General of the State Council Deputy-state level, Mongol [19]
7 Wang Zhengwei 16 March 2013 28 April 2016 Vice Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference

Deputy Head of the United Front Work Department

Vice Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Hui [20]
8 Bagatur 28 April 2016 26 December 2020 Vice Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference since March 2018 Vice Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Mongol [21]
9 Chen Xiaojiang 26 December 2020 24 June 2022 Deputy Head of the United Front Work Department Executive Deputy Head of the United Front Work Department Han [22][23]
10 Pan Yue 24 June 2022 Incumbent Deputy Head of the United Front Work Department Han [24]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Saha, S.C. (2008). Ethnicity and Sociopolitical Change in Africa and Other Developing Countries: A Constructive Discourse in State Building. Lexington Books. p. 154. ISBN 978-1-4616-3340-2. Retrieved 2024-06-26.
  2. ^ Landis, D.; Albert, R.D. (2012). Handbook of Ethnic Conflict: International Perspectives. International and Cultural Psychology. Springer New York. p. 188. ISBN 978-1-4614-0447-7. Retrieved 2024-06-26.
  3. ^ 中华人民共和国中央政府机构, 1949-1990年 (in Chinese). 经济科学出版社. 1993. p. 56. ISBN 978-7-5058-0504-0. Retrieved 2024-06-26.
  4. ^ Zhou, M.; Sun, H. (2006). Language Policy in the People’s Republic of China: Theory and Practice Since 1949. Language Policy. Springer Netherlands. p. 104. ISBN 978-1-4020-8039-5. Retrieved 2024-06-26.
  5. ^ China. 国家机构编制委员会. 办公室 (1992). 中央国家机关所属事业单位大全 (in Chinese). 经济科学出版社. p. 71. ISBN 978-7-5058-0460-9. Retrieved 2024-06-26.
  6. ^ 中国少数民族教育. 中国民族多元文化丛书 (in Chinese). 五洲传播出版社. 2007. p. 7. ISBN 978-7-5085-1163-4. Archived from the original on 2024-06-26. Retrieved 2024-06-26.
  7. ^ Joske, Alex (May 9, 2019). "Reorganizing the United Front Work Department: New Structures for a New Era of Diaspora and Religious Affairs Work". Jamestown Foundation. Archived from the original on July 21, 2019. Retrieved 2019-07-27.
  8. ^ Zhao, Taotao; Leibold, James (2019-10-13). "Ethnic Governance under Xi Jinping: The Centrality of the United Front Work Department & Its Implications". Journal of Contemporary China. 29 (124): 487–502. doi:10.1080/10670564.2019.1677359. ISSN 1067-0564. S2CID 211427737.
  9. ^ "党和国家机构改革｜中央统战部统一管理民族宗教等工作". 澎湃新闻 (in Chinese). 2018-03-21. Retrieved 2024-06-26.
  10. ^ "国家民委"三定"规定调整：归口中央统战部领导". 新浪新闻_手机新浪网 (in Chinese). 2018-09-10. Retrieved 2024-06-26.
  11. ^ "关于全面推开行业协会商会与行政机关脱钩改革的实施意见_部门政务_中国政府网". 中国政府网_中央人民政府门户网站 (in Chinese). 2023-10-30. Retrieved 2024-06-26.
  12. ^ "关于做好全面推开全国性行业协会商会与行政机关脱钩改革工作的通知_部门政务_中国政府网". 中国政府网_中央人民政府门户网站 (in Chinese). 2023-10-30. Retrieved 2024-06-26.
  13. ^ "'DeepChina' Substack exposed: covert United Front 'opinion and cognitive warfare' project targets international China scholars (Collective Study Issue 04)". buttondown.com. Retrieved 2025-04-27.
  14. ^ Chen, Meredith (2025-04-26). "China expands initiative to stamp out Western bias in ethnic studies". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 2025-04-26. Retrieved 2025-04-27.
  15. ^ "国务院办公厅关于印发国家民族事务委员会职能配置内设机构和人员编制规定的通知". 中国政府网_中央人民政府门户网站 (in Chinese). Retrieved 2024-06-26.
  16. ^ Zhouxiang, L. (2020). Chinese National Identity in the Age of Globalisation. Springer Nature Singapore. p. 252. ISBN 978-981-15-4538-2. Retrieved 2024-06-26.
  17. ^ "Ismail Amat, vice-chairman of the 10th NPC Standing Committee". People's Daily Online. Retrieved 2018-10-17.
  18. ^ Tan Hongwei (谭宏伟) (17 March 2003). 国家民族事务委员会主任：李德洙. chinanews.com.cn (in Chinese). Retrieved 5 June 2022.
  19. ^ Choi, Chi-yuk (2013-03-08). "Mongol ally of incoming premier to become chief of State Council". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 2013-03-08.
  20. ^ "Regulating halal food is creating headaches for the government". The Economist. 8 October 2016. Retrieved 8 October 2016.
  21. ^ "原內蒙主席巴特爾主政國家民族事務委員會" (in Chinese). March 28, 2016.
  22. ^ Linda, Lew (19 December 2020). "China puts Han official in charge of ethnic minority affairs as Beijing steps up push for integration". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
  23. ^ "Chen Xiaojiang was appointed Secretary of the Party Leadership Group of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission". National Ethnic Affairs Commission (in Chinese). December 14, 2020. Archived from the original on August 30, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2020.
  24. ^ "China's top legislature concludes standing committee session". Xinhua News Agency. 24 June 2022. Archived from the original on 31 January 2023. Retrieved 12 March 2023.
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