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Roman Catholic Diocese of Perpignan-Elne

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Diocese of Perpignan–Elne

Dioecesis Elnensis

  • Diocèse de Perpignan–Elne
  • Bisbat de Perpinyà–Elna
Perpignan Cathedral
Location
CountryFrance
Ecclesiastical provinceMontpellier
MetropolitanArchdiocese of Montpellier
Statistics
Area4,143 km2 (1,600 sq mi)
Population
  • Total
  • Catholics
  • (as of 2023)
  • 484,215 Increase
  • 316,800 (est.) Increase
Parishes231
Information
DenominationRoman Catholic
Sui iuris churchLatin Church
RiteRoman Rite
Established6 October 1822
CathedralCathedral Basilica of St. John the Baptist in Perpignan
Co-cathedralCo-Cathedral of St. Eulalia and St. Julia in Elne
Patron saintSaint John the Baptist
Saint Eulalia
Saint Julia
Secular priests54 (Diocesan) Decrease
13 (Religious Orders) Increase
23 Permanent Deacons
Current leadership
PopeLeo XIV
BishopThierry Scherrer
Metropolitan ArchbishopNorbert Turini
Map
Website
Website of the Diocese
High altar of Perpignan Cathedral

The Diocese of Perpignan–Elne (Latin: Dioecesis Elnensis; French: Diocèse de Perpignan–Elne; Catalan: Bisbat de Perpinyà–Elna) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in France.[1] The diocese comprises the Department of Pyrénées-Orientales.

The Diocese of Elne was a suffragan of the Diocese of Narbonne until 1511. Pope Julius II made the Diocese of Elne directly subject to the Holy See in 1511, but on 22 January 1517 Pope Leo X reversed the policy, and the Diocese of Elne became again a suffragan of the Diocese of Narbonne.[2] In 1582, by virtue of a Decree of the Council of Trent, Pope Gregory XIII made it a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Tarragona.[3] After 1678 it was again a suffragan of the Diocese of Narbonne.

The residence of the bishop of Elne and the seat of the diocese were moved from Elne to Perpignan, by Pope Clement VIII in 1601.[4] Its territory brought together the Diocese of Elne, part of the Spanish Diocese of Urgell known as French Cerdagne, three cantons of the Diocese of Alet, and two villages of the Diocese of Narbonne.

Its see is the Perpignan Cathedral (French: Basilique-Cathédrale de Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Perpignan; Catalan: Catedral de Sant Joan Baptista de Perpinyà).

History

[edit]

The Diocese of Elne was created in the 6th century. The first known Bishop of Elne was Dominus, mentioned in 571 in the Chronicle of John of Biclarum. The diocese of Elne was a suffragan of the diocese of Narbonne.[5]

The Cathedral of Elne (eleventh century) and the adjoining cloister are examples of elaborate medieval ornamentation. On 16 May 1025, the old church of Saint-Jean in Perpignan was consecrated by Bishop Berengarius (III).[6] On 13 July 1287, Bishop Berengarius fixed the number of canons in the cathedral Chapter of Elne at fifteen.[7]

In the later Middle Ages, and under the influence of Roman Law, Roussillon witnessed revivals of slavery; this is proved by numerous purchase deeds of Muslim and Christian slaves, dating back to the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.[8]

On 3 June 1494, Caesar Borgia was named Abbot commendatory of the monastery of S. Michel de Cuxa in the diocese of Elne, by his father Pope Alexander VI. On 3 April 1495, the bishopric of Elne became vacant, and Caesar was immediately named Administrator, not being in episcopal orders. He took possession by procurator on 1 June 1495. He decided to raise the taxes on the clergy, resulting in an uprising in 1497. Those same taxes were cut in half the following year, after the clergy complained to the king.[9] On 9 March 1499, Saint-Michel de Cuxa was in different hands, and by November 1499 there was a new bishop of Elne.[10]

Council of Perpignan

[edit]

At Perpignan Pope Benedict XIII (Pedro de Luna) held a council, set to open on 1 November 1408, to rally his partisans.[11] They gradually melted away and on 1 February 1409, the eighteen remaining bishops advised the antipope to send ambassadors to Pisa to negotiate with Pope Gregory XII.[12] The last actual meeting of the council took place on 26 March 1409, though it was not closed, only repeatedly prorogued.[13]

Synods

[edit]

A synod was held at Toulanges (in prato Tulujes) in the diocese of Elne, on 16 May 1027, presided over by Bishop Oliva of Vich, because Bishop Berenguer (1019–1030) was at the time a pilgrim in foreign parts (tunc temporis in transmarinis partibus peregrini). The synod decided to impose a ban on fighting between the 9th hour on Saturday until the first hour of Monday, under penalty of excommunication; and ordered that Holy Mass be said for the excommunicated for a space of three months, to obtain their return to communion.[14][15]

Another synod was held in 1058. On 2 January 1114, by mandate of Pope Paschal II, and presided over by Bishop Petrus Bernardi of Elne with the assistance of Bishop Berengarius of Gerona and Bishop Gualterius of Maguelonne, a judicial assembly was held to decide the claims of the monastery of Cuxa and the monastery of Arulena.[16] Synods were also held in 1335, 1337, 1338, 1339, 1340, and 1380.

Bihop Philippe-Olympe Gerbet (1853–1864) held a diocesan synod of Elne on 25–29 September 1853, and published the statutes. [17]A diocesan synod was held in Elne in September 1893.[18]

Move of episcopal residence from Elne to Perpignan

[edit]

In 1230, the bishops of Elne had appropriated the revenues of the major chaplaincy of the church of Saint-Jean in Perepignan,[19] and thereafter resided from time to time in the cloister of that church. From 1389, they began to petition the papacy for permission to move their residence from Elne to the collegiate church of Saint-Jean, though they were regularly rebuffed.[20]

By the end of the 16th century the city of Elne had become severely run-down. It was victim both of attacks from Protestant neighbors and from sea raiders. The nobility and leading citizens as well as some of the canons of the cathedral had moved long since, and only the working class remained, amounting to no more than 240 families (domos).[21] King Philip III of Spain, who was also prince of Catalonia and count of Roussillon and Cerdanya, and the bishop of Elne along with the canons of Elne and of Perpignan, approached Pope Clement VIII with the desirability of moving to the fortified city of Perpignan, which was farther from the sea and was the center of local royal government,[22] and yet only six miles from Elne.[23]

On 1 September 1601, therefore, Pope Clement VIII issued the bull "Superna dispositione," agreeing to the move of the episcopal seat of Elne to the church of S. Jean in Perpignan. The canons of the cathedral of Elne were also moved to Perpignan.[24] The name of the diocese and the title of the bishop, however, were not changed.[25] As late as the 1890s, it was the bishop of Elne who held a synod of the diocese of Elne.[26]

At the time of the French Revolution, the city of Perpignan was host to twelve religious orders of males. In 1723, the Augustinians had 14 members, but in 1789 only 7. The Discalced Augustinians in the same period had declined from 14 to 10, and the Carmelites from 12 to 5. The Capuchins had decline from 10 to 4, and their convent was demolished during the Revolution. The Franciscans dropped from 24 to 6, the Minims from 12 to 5, the Dominicans from 20 to 6.[27] The Jesuits, who had been in the diocese of Elne since 1601, had been expelled from France in 1762.[28] There were four institutions for women: the convent of Saint-Claire with 26 residents, the 15 canonesses of Saint-Saveur, the 15 Dominican sisters, and the 20 Benedictine nuns of the congregation of Béziers.[29]

French Roussilon

[edit]

A French army occupied Rousillon in 1642, and King Louis XIII immediately began making changes in ecclesiastical appointments.[30] On 7 November 1659, the Peace of the Pyrenees, negotiated by Cardinal Mazarin and Don Luis de Haro, granted France permanent possession of Artois, Roussilon, and a part of Cerdagne. The territory of the diocese of Elne became part of the Kingdom of France.[31]

The conquests under Louis XIV brought ecclesiastical problems. The Concordat of Bologna (1516) between Francis I of France and Pope Leo X had granted the kings of France the right to nominate candidates for vacant French bishoprics and certain other benefices, provided that the nomination was made within six months and that the candidate was suitable for the position. The annexation of Lorraine required that the pope make additional provision for the "Three Bishoprics," Metz, Toul, and Verdun, and therefore Pope Alexander VII issued the apostolic brief "Orthodoxae fidei" on 11 December 1664.[32] When Roussilon was annexed, Pope Clement IX issued the apostolic brief, "Praeclara majestatis," on 9 April 1668,[33] granting King Louis and his successors the jurispatronatus and right of presentation of the diocese of Elne.[34]

In 1685, Bishop Louis Habert de Montmort (1682–1695) announced plans for a seminary in Perpignan, which opened in the bishop's palace in 1688. The seminary serviced around fifty students, and was administered by diocesan priests.[35] On 5 April 1688, the bishop signed a contract with the Jesuits, to whom he handed over the administration of the seminary. The king provided a subsidy for 19 seminarians to study for ten months out of the year.[36]

French Revolution

[edit]

On 2 November 1789, the French National Assembly proclaimed that all ecclesiastical property in France was confiscated by the State.[37]

Even before it directed its attention to the Church directly, the National Constituent Assembly attacked the institution of monasticism. On 13 February 1790. it issued a decree which stated that the government would no longer recognize solemn religious vows taken by either men or women. In consequence, Orders and Congregations which lived under a Rule were suppressed in France. Members of either sex were free to leave their monasteries or convents if they wished, and could claim an appropriate pension by applying to the local municipal authority.[38]

The National Constituent Assembly ordered the replacement of political subdivisions of the ancien régime with subdivisions called "departments", to be characterized by a single administrative city in the center of a compact area. The decree was passed on 22 December 1789, and the boundaries fixed on 26 February 1790, with the effective date of 4 March 1790.[39] A new department was created, called "Pyrénées-Orientales", and its administrative center was fixed at Perpignan.[40]

The National Constituent Assembly then, on 6 February 1790, instructed its ecclesiastical committee to prepare a plan for the reorganization of the clergy. At the end of May, its work was presented as a draft Civil Constitution of the Clergy, which, after vigorous debate, was approved on 12 July 1790. There was to be one diocese in each department,[41] requiring the suppression of approximately fifty dioceses.[42] The seat of the diocese of Pyrénées-Orientales was fixed at Perpignan. The old ecclesiastical provinces were abolished, and ten new "metropolitanates" were created. The diocese of Pyrénées-Orientales (formerly Elne) was assigned to the Metropole du Sud, whose metropolitan was seated at Toulouse.[43]

The Civil Constitution of the Clergy also abolished Chapters, canonries, prebends, and other offices both in cathedrals and in collegiate churches.[44]

Restoration

[edit]

The French Directory fell in the coup engineered by Talleyrand and Napoleon on 10 November 1799. The coup resulted in the establishment of the French Consulate, with Napoleon as the First Consul. To advance his aggressive military foreign policy, he decided to make peace with the Catholic Church in France and with the Papacy.[45] In the concordat of 1801 with Pope Pius VII, and in the enabling papal bull, "Qui Christi Domini", the constitutional diocese of Pyrénées-Orientales and all the other dioceses in France, were suppressed. This removed all the institutional contaminations and novelties introduced by the Constitutional Church, and voided all of the episcopal appointments of both authentic and constitutional bishops.[46]

In the Concordat of 1801, in the new circumscription of archbishoprics and suffragans, the department of Pyrénées-Orientales and the department of l'Aude were assigned to the restored Diocese of Carcassonne.[47] In the bull "qui Christi domini" (29 November 1801), Pope Pius VII authorized the new circumscription, which did not include the diocese of Elne.[48]

The rearrangement of national borders by the Congress of Vienna, following the defeat of Napoleon, and the changes of regimes, required the negotiating or re-negotiating of concordats. The restoration of the Bourbon kings in France resulted in a treaty between Louis XVIII and Pope Pius VII, the Concordat of 11 June 1817. The diocese of Elne was to be reestablished through the bull "Commissa divinitus", as a suffragan of Narbonne,[49] but the French Parliament did not approve the treaty. It was not until 6 October 1822 that a revised version of the papal bull, "Paternae Charitatis,"[50] received the approval of all parties.

In preparing a revised version of "Commissa divinitus", it was realized, at an advanced stage of the drafting, that there were an excessive number of metropolitanates in the Rhone valley, in particular Arles, Vienne and Narbonne, and that some consolidation was in order. The ecclesiastical province and the diocese of Narbonne were not revived, and on 6 October 1822 the diocese of Elne was reassigned to the ecclesiastical province of Albi.[51] On 8 December 2002, Albi ceased to be a metropolitan archbishopric, and became instead a suffragan of Toulouse. The diocese of Elne became a suffragan of the archdiocese of Montpellier.

Pilgrimages

[edit]

The chief places of pilgrimage of the diocese are: Notre-Dame du Château d'Ultréra, at Sorède; Notre-Dame de Consolation, at Collioure; Notre-Dame de Font Romeu, at Odeillo; Notre-Dame de Forca-Réal, near Millas; Notre-Dame de Juigues, near Rivesaltes; and the relics of Sts. Abdon and Sennen at Arles on the Tech.

The diocese of Perpignan-Elne maintains a web page with information about pilgrimages.[52] There is also a list of current pilgrimages[53] of the year 2025, featured diocesan pilgrimages to Lourdes and to Rome (Jubilee 2025).

Bishops

[edit]

To 1000

[edit]
  • (c. 571) : Domnus[54]
  • (c. 589) : Benenatus[55]
  • (c. 633 to 638) : Acutulus[56]
  • (c. 656) : Witaricus[57]
  • (c. 673) Hyacinthius[58]
  • (c. 683) Clarus[59]
[ (788) : Wenedurius][60]
  • (825–826) : Ramnon
  • (c. 834–836) : Salomó (Fulmo)[61]
  • (852–885) : Audesindus[62]
  • (885–915?) : Riculf (I)[63]
  • (916?–920) : Almeraldus (Elmerald, Elmerat)
  • (920–947) : Wadaldus (Guadaldus de Empuries-Rosselló)
  • (947–966) : Riculf (II)
  • (967–977) : Suniarius (I)
  • (979–991) : Hildesindus
  • (993–994) : Berenguer de Cerdanya-Besalú[64]
  • (994–999) : Fredelo
  • (999–1003) : Berenguer de Cerdanya-Besalú (second time)

1000 to 1300

[edit]
  • (1003–1007) : Fredelo (second time)
  • (1009–1014) : Oliva de Besora
  • (1019–1030) : Berenguer de Sendred de Gurb[65] (1019–1030)
  • (1031) : Suniari (II.)
  • (1032–1053) : Berenguer (IV.)
  • (1054–1061) : Artal (I.)
  • (1062) : Suniari (III)
  • (1064–1086) : Ramon (I.)
  • (1087–1096) : Artal (II.)
  • (1097–1111) : Armengol
  • (1113–1129) : Petrus Bernardi (Pere Bernat)
  • (1130–1147) : Udalgà de Castellnou
  • (1148–1171) : Artal (III.)
  • (1172–1186) : Guillem Jordà
  • (1187) : Berenguer (V.)
  • (1187–1197) : Guillem de Céret
  • (1200–1201) : Artal (IV.)
  • (1202–1209) : Guillem de Ortafa
  • (1212–1216) : Ramon de Vilallonga
  • (1217–1221) : Gualter[66]
  • (1223–1224) : Arnald de Serrallonga
  • (1225–1229) : Ramon (III.)
  • (1230–1259) : Bernat de Berga
  • (1259–1280) : Berenguer de Cantallops
  • (1280–1281) : Bernat de Sala
  • (1282–1289) : Berenguer de Sainte-Foi
  • (1289–1310) : Ramon de Costa

1300 to 1500

[edit]
  • (1311–1312) : Raimundus Costa[67]
  • (1313–1317) : Guillerm de Castelló, O.S.B.[68]
  • (1317–1320) : Berenguer d'Argilaguers
  • (1320–1332) : Berenguer Batlle
  • (1332–1342) : Guido de Terrena
  • (1342–1346) : Pere Seguier
  • (1347–1348) : Bernat Hug de Santa Artèmia
  • (1348–1350) : Bernat Fournier
  • (1350–1351) : Estebe Malet
  • (1352–1354) : Francesc de Montoliu
  • (1354–1357) : Jean Jouffroi[69]
  • (1357–1361) : Raymond de Salgues[70]
  • (1361–1371) : Petrus de Planella[71]
  • (1371–1377) : Petrus de Cima, O.Min. (Pere Cima)
  • (1377–1380) : Raimundus d'Escales Avignon Obedience[72]
  • (1380–1384) : Dalmatius (Dalmaci) Avignon Obedience[73]
  • (1384–1408) : Bartholomeus Peyroni, O.Carm. Avignon Obedience[74]
  • (1408)  : Raymond de Castella Avignon Obedience[75]
  • (1408–1409) : (Francisco Ximenes), O. Min. Avignon Obedience[76]
  • (1409–1410) : Alphonsus de Tous Avignon Obedience[77]
  • (1410–1425) : Jerònim d'Ocó
  • (1425–1431) : Joan de Casanova[78]
  • (1431–1453) : Galcerà d'Albert[79]
  • (1453–1462) : Joan de Margarit[80]
  • (1462–1467) : Antoni de Cardona[81]
  • (1468–1470) : Joan Pintor[82]
  • (1470–1473) : Charles de Saint-Gelais[83]
  • (1475–1494) : Charles de Martigny[84]
(1494–1495) : Ascanio Maria Sforza Administrator[85]

From 1500

[edit]

Bishops of Elne, residing at Perpignan

[edit]

From 1601 to 1801

[edit]
  • Joan de Palau
  • (1609–1612) : Antonio Gallart y Traginer
  • (1613–1616) : Francisco de Vera Villavicencio, O. de la Merced[91]
  • (1617)  : Federico Cornet
  • (1617–1618) : Ramón Ivorra
  • (1618–1620) : Rafael Ripoz, O.P.[92]
  • (1621–1622) : Francisco de Santjust y de Castro, O.S.B.
  • (1622–1627) : Pedro Magarola Fontanet
  • (1627–1629) : Francisco López de Mendoza
  • (1630–1634) : Gregorio Parcero de Castro, O.S.B.
  • (1636–1637) : Gaspar Prieto Orduña, O. de M.
  • (1638–1643) : François Perez Roy[93]
(1643–1668) : Sede Vacante[94]
(1643) : Joseph du Vivier de Saint-Martin (Vicar-General, not Bishop)[95]
  • Vincent de Margarit, O.P.[96] (1668–1672)
    • (1673–1675) : Jean-Louis de Bruelh (Bishop-elect)[97]
    • (1675–1680) : Jean-Baptiste d`Étampes de Valençay[98]
  • (1682–1695) : Louis Habert de Montmort[99]
  • (1695–1721) : Jean Hervé Basan de Flamenville[100]
(1721) : Antoine Boivin de Vaurouy[101]
  • (1721–1726) :Sede Vacante
  • (1726–1743) : Jean Mathias Barthélemy de Gramont de Lanta[102]
  • (1743–1783) : Charles-François-Alexandre de Cardevac D'Havrincourt
  • (1783–1788) : Jean Gabriel D’Agay
  • (1788–1790) : Antoine-Félix de Leyris D'Esponchez (1801)[103]
Constitutional Church (schismatic)
  • (1791–1793) : Gabriel Deville (Constitutional Bishop of Pyrénées Orientales)[104]
  • (1798–1801) : Dominique-Paul Villa (Constitutional Bishop)[105]

Since 1801

[edit]
  • (1822–1853) : Jean-François de Saunhac-Belcastel[106]
  • (1853–1864) : Philippe-Olympe Gerbet
  • (1864–1876) : Etienne-Emile Ramadié[107]
  • (1876–1877) : Joseph-Frédéric Saivet
  • (1877–1885) : Jean-Auguste-Emile Caraguel
  • (1886–1899) : Noël-Mathieu-Victor-Marie Gaussail
  • (1899–1932) : Jules-Louis-Marie de Carsalade du Pont[108]
  • (1933–1959) : Henri-Marius Bernard
  • (1960–1971) : Joël-André-Jean-Marie Bellec
  • (1972–1981) : Henry-Camille-Gustave-Marie L'Heureux
  • (1982–1996) : Jean Chabbert, O.F.M.
  • (1996–2002) : André Louis Fort
  • (2004–2014) : André Marceau[109]
  • (2014–2022) : Norbert Turini[110]
  • (2023–pres.) : Thierry Scherrer[111]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Diocese of Perpignan-Elne" Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved February 29, 2016[self-published source]. "Diocese of Perpignan-Elne" GCatholic.org. Gabriel Chow. Retrieved February 29, 2016.[self-published source]
  2. ^ Gallia christiana VI (1739), Instrumenta, pp. 492-497.
  3. ^ Gallia christiana VI (1739), p. 1030.
  4. ^ Perpignan-Elne (Diocese) [Catholic-Hierarchy][self-published source].
  5. ^ Eubel I, p. 542, no. 16. B. Palustre & Archives départementales des Pyrénées-Orientales, Inventaire sommaire des archives départementales antérieures à 1790: Pyrénées-Orientales : Archives ecclésiastiques, Série G, (in French), (Perpignan: l'Indépendant, 1904), p. IX: "Les conciles d'Espagne et la description des églises d'Espagne et de Septimanie ou de Gothie par le roi Vamba, vers 675, nous montrent les églises de Béziers, Agde, Maguelone, Nîmes, Lodève, Carcassonne et Elne soumises à Narbonne. Et de fait, l'église d'Elne, sous le patronage de sainte Eulalie dont elle possédait les reliques, est restée soumise à l'église de Narbonne jusqu'au xve siècle, où elle commença à secouer le joug sous l'influence des rois d'Espagne...."
  6. ^ Puggiari, p. 20.
  7. ^ Gallia christiana VI, "Instrumenta", pp. 489-490, no. XVIII.
  8. ^ Philip Daileader, True Citizens: Violence, Memory, and Identity in the Medieval Community of Perpignan, 1162-1397 (Leiden-Boston: E.J. Brill 2021), pp. 63-64. Patrick Boucheron, Stéphane Gerson, France in the World: A New Global History (Editions du Seuil 2017; New York: Other Press, 2019), pp. 260-261.
  9. ^ Cárdenas, Fabricio (2014). 66 petites histoires du Pays Catalan [66 Little Stories of Catalan Country] (in French). Perpignan: Ultima Necat. ISBN 978-2-36771-006-8. OCLC 893847466.
  10. ^ Pierre Vidal, "Notes sur l'abbaye de Saint-Michel de Cuxa," (in French), in: Bulletin philologique et historique Anne 1891 (Paris: Ernest Leroux 1891), pp. 110-127, at pp. 112-113.
  11. ^ Dieter Girgensohn, review of: Le concile de Perpignan (15 novembre 1408–26 mars 1409). Actes du colloque international (Perpignan, 24–26 janvier 2008). Edited by Hélène Millet. [Études roussillonnaises, Revue d’histoire et d’archéologie méditerranéennes, Tome XXIV.] (Canet en Roussillon, France: Éditions Trabucaire. 2009); retrieved: 2017-09-08.
  12. ^ Hefele, Karl Joseph von (1874), Histoire des conciles d'après les documents originaux (in French), Tome dixième (Paris: Adrien Le Clerc 1874), p. 245.
  13. ^ Franz Ehrle, "Aus den Acten des Afterconcils von Perpignan 1408," (in German and Latin), Archiv fur Literatur- und Kirchengeschichte 7 (1900), pp. 692-694.
  14. ^ J.D. Mansi (ed.), Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima, (in Latin), Volume 19 (Venice: A. Zatta 1774), pp. 483-484. Puggiari, pp. 20-21.
  15. ^ Kathleen G. Cushing (2005). Reform and the Papacy in the Eleventh Century: Spirituality and Social Change. Manchester UK: Manchester University Press. p. 48. ISBN 978-0-7190-5834-9.
  16. ^ J. D. Mansi (ed.), Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio Tomus XXV, pp. 90-91.
  17. ^ Synodi dioecesanae Elnensis acta et documenta, typis mandata iussu Olympii-Philippi Gerbet, episcopi Elnensis, (in Latin) (Perpiniani: typis Ioannis-Baptistae Alzine , 1856).
  18. ^ Statuta synodalia diœcesis Elnensis, ab Natali-Matthæo-Victore-Maria Gaussail episcopo Elnensi promulgata in synodo habita diebus 28 et 29 septembris anno Domini 1893 (in Latin) (Perpignan: Latrobe, 1894).
  19. ^ B Palustre, Inventaire sommaire des archives départementales antérieures à 1790: Pyrénées-Orientales : Archives ecclésiastiques, Série G, (in French), (Perpignan: l'Indépendant, 1904), p. XVIII: "On sait que le nom de collégiale sert à désigner une église non cathédrale desservie par un collège de chanoines. Il y avait à Perpignan deux collégiales, Saint-Jean et la Réal.... La collégiale Saint-Jean de Perpignan fut supprimée en 1611."
  20. ^ B. Palustre, p. X.
  21. ^ Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, p. 181, note 1.
  22. ^ Perpignan had been the capital of the Kingdom of Majorca. B. Palustre & Archives départementales des Pyrénées-Orientales, Inventaire sommaire des archives départementales antérieures à 1790: Pyrénées-Orientales : Archives ecclésiastiques, Série G, (in French), (Perpignan: l'Indépendant, 1904), p. XVII.
  23. ^ Bullarum, Diplomatum, et Privilegiorum Sanctorum Romanorum Pontificum, Taurensis editio (in Latin), Tomus X (Turin: Sebastiano Franco 1865), pp. 723-731.
  24. ^ Bullarum, Diplomatum..., pp. 723-731.
  25. ^ Puggiari, pp. 101-102, drawing attention to the erroneous statement of Gallia christiana in stating that the bishop was bishop of Perpignan, and that the church of St. John was a cathedral. The bull (p. 727, col. 1) specifically states: "civitate et Ecclesia Elnensi, quoad nomen, titulum, denominalionem et existentiam cathedralis, aliisque pristinis iuribus, necnon omnibus illius benefìciatis, caeterisque ministris, qui ex nunc deinceps horas canonicas, missam conventualem, et alia divina ofTìcia per se ipsos in eadem celebrare, illique alias in huiusmodi divinis deservire, et ex illis supradicti duo beneficiati hebdomadarii perpetuam animarum curam, ut prius, exercere, et sacramenta ecclesiastica administrare teneantur, sub dominio tamen, gubernio et iurisdictione episcopi et capituli Elnensium praefatorum, prout antea, remanentibus, ipsaque iurisdictione eorumdem episcopi et Capituli Elnensium, etiam quoad illos, ac alias in omnibus, et per omnia illaesa simililer, ut prius subsistente."
  26. ^ Statuta synodalia diœcesis Elnensis, ab Natali-Matthæo-Victore-Maria Gaussail episcopo Elnensi promulgata in synodo habita diebus 28 et 29 septembris anno Domini 1893 (in Latin) (Perpignan: Latrobe, 1894)
  27. ^ Torreilles, pp. 31-33.
  28. ^ Philippe Torreilles, Le collège de Perpignan, depuis ses origines jusqu'à nos jours, (in French) (Perpignan: Latrobe 1893).
  29. ^ Torreilles, pp. 33-35.
  30. ^ Puggiari, p. 112.
  31. ^ George Bruce Malleson, The Battle-fields of Germany: From the Outbreak of the Thirty-years' War to the Battle of Blenheim (London: W. H. Allen 1884), pp. 292-293. J. H. Elliott, The Revolt of the Catalans (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1963 [1984]), pp. 539-542.
  32. ^ Bullarum diplomatum et privilegiorum sanctorum romanorum pontificum Taurinensis editio, (in Latin), Volume 17 (Turin: A. Vecco Sebastiani Franco et Filiorum, 1869), pp. 649-651, no. CDXCVIII.
  33. ^ Bullarum diplomatum et privilegiorum sanctorum romanorum pontificum Taurinensis editio, (in Latin), Volume 17 (Turin: A. Vecco Sebastiani Franco et Filiorum, 1869), pp. 649-651, no. LIV: "...tuisque successoribus regibus Francorum chnstianissimis, quo regiam benevolentiam erga personas benemeritas volìisque gralas el acceptas exercere valeatis, gratiam facere specialem, ac sperantes te ac illos in nominandis ad ecclesiam Elnensem et monasteria consistorialia intra fìnes ditionum et locorum praedictorum a te ut praefertur possessorum consistentia personis, quae vitae integritate, religione, fide et doctrina praestent, ac episcopalis muneris praerogativa respective dignae sint...." Pierre Toussaint¬de Durand de Maillane, Dictionnaire De Droit Canonique, Et De Pratique Bénéficiale: Conféré Avec Les Maximes Et La Jurisprudence De France, (in French and Latin), Volume 3 (Lyon: Duplain, 1770), pp. 4-7 (with French translation of bull).
  34. ^ The papal grant makes no use of the terms "Perpignan and Elne" or Perpignan-Elne". Cf. Joseph Bergin, Crown, Church, and Episcopate Under Louis XIV )New Haven: Yale University Press 2004), p. 24.
  35. ^ Torreilles, vol. 1, p. 22.
  36. ^ B. Palustre & Archives départementales des Pyrénées-Orientales, Inventaire sommaire des archives départementales antérieures à 1790: Pyrénées-Orientales : Archives ecclésiastiques, Série G, (in French), (Perpignan: l'Indépendant, 1904), p. 65, column 2.
  37. ^ J. B. Duvergier, Collection complète des lois, décrets, ordonnances, règlemens avis du Conseil d'état, (in French), Volume 1 (Paris: A. Guyot et Scribe, 1834), p. 64-65: "L'Assemblée nationale décrète, 1º que tous les biens ecclésiastiques sont à la disposition de la nation, à la charge de pourvoir, d'une manière convenable, aux frais du culte, à l'entretien de ses ministres, et au soulagement des pauvres, sous la surveillance et d'après les instructions des provinces; 2º que dans les dispositions à faire pour subvenir à l'entretien des ministres de la religion, il ne pourra être assuré à la dotation d'aucune cure moins de douze cents livres par année, non compris le logement et les jardins en dépendant". Marais & Beaudoin, pp. 255-257.
  38. ^ Duvergier, Collection complète des lois, décrets, ordonnances, règlemens avis du Conseil d'état, Volume 1, p. 118: "La loi constitutionnelle du royaume ne reconnaitra plus de voeux monastiques solennels des personnes de l'un ni de l'autre sexe: en conséquence, les ordres et congrégations réguliers dans lesquels on fait de pareils voeux sont et demeureront supprimés en France, sans qu'il puisse en être établi de semblables à l'avenir." Michael Burleigh, Earthly Powers: The Clash of Religion and Politics in Europe, from the French Revolution to the Great War (New York: Harper Collins 2006), p. 54.
  39. ^ Pisani, pp. 10-11.
  40. ^ Duvergier, p. 108: "65. PYRÉNÉES-ORIENTALES. -L'assemblée de ce département se tiendra à Perpignan. Il est divisé en trois districts, dont les chefs-lieux sont: Perpignan, Ceret, Prades."
  41. ^ "Civil Constitution," Title I, "Article 1. Chaque département formera un seul diocèse, et chaque diocèse aura la même étendue et les mêmes limites que le département."
  42. ^ Ludovic Sciout, Histoire de la constitution civile du clergé (1790-1801): L'église et l'Assemblée constituante, (in French and Latin), Vol. 1 (Paris: Firmin Didot 1872), p. 182: Art. 2 "...Tous les autres évêchés existant dans les quatre-vingt-trois départements du royaume, et qui ne sont pas nommément compris au présent article, sont et demeurent supprimés."
  43. ^ Duvergier, p. 243, col. 1: "L'arrondissement de la métropole du sud comprendra les évêchés des départemens de la Haute-Garonne, du Gers, des Basses-Pyrénées, des Hautes-Pyrénées, de l'Ariége, des Pyrénées-Orientales, de l'Aude, de l'Aveyron, du Lot, du Tarn."
  44. ^ Duvergier, Vol. 1, p. 285: Article I, "20. Tous titres et offices, autres que ceux mentionnés en la présente constitution, les dignités, canonicats, prébendes, demi-prébendes, chapelles, chapellenies, tant des églises cathédrales que des églises collégiales, et tous chapitres réguliers et séculiers de l'un et de l'autre sexe, les abbayes et prieurés en règle ou en commende, aussi de l'un et de l'autre sexe, et tous autres bénéfices et prestimonies généralement quelconques, de quelque nature et sous quelque dénomination que ce soit, sont, à compter du jour de la publication du présent décret, éteints et supprimés, sans qu'il puisse jamais en être établi de semblables."
  45. ^ Hippolyte Taine, The Origins of Contemporary France. The Modern Régime, Volume 1 (H. Holt, 1890), p. 153.
  46. ^ J.B. Duvergier (ed.), Collection complète des lois, décrets, ordonnances, réglemens et avis du Conseil d'état, (in French and Latin), Volume 13 (Paris: A. Guyot et Scribe, 1826), p. 372, col. 2: "L'archevêché de Narbonne et ses suffragans, les évêchés de Beziers, Agde, Nimes, Carcassonne, Montpellier, Lodève, Uzès, Saint-Pons, Alet, Alais et Elne ou Perpignan"
  47. ^ Duvergier, volume 13, p. 314, "Concordat of 1801," Section IV, § 76: "TOULOUSE, archevêché, Haute-Garonne, Arriége; Cahors, le Lot, l'Aveyron; Montpellier, l'Hérault, le Tarn; Carcassonne, l'Aude, les Pyrénées-Orientales; Agen, Lot-et-Garonne, le Gers; Bayonne, les Landes, Hautes-Pyrénées, Basses-Pyrénées."
  48. ^ Duvergier, volume 13, p. 375: "L'archevêché de Toulouse, et les nouveaux évêchés de Cahors, Ágen, Carcassonne, Montpellier et Baïonne, que nous lui assignōns pour suffragans."
  49. ^ Bullarii Romani continuatio, (in Latin), Tomus septimus, pars 2 (Prati: Typographia Aldina 1852), pp. 1514 § 16: "Metropolitana Narbonensis...ejusdem suffraganeae: Nemausensis... Carcassonensis... Montis-Pessulani... Elnensis: provincia Pyrenaeorum Orientalium." There is no reference to Perpignan.
  50. ^ Bullarii Romani continuatio, (in Latin), Tomus septimus, pars 2 (Prati: Typographua Aldina 1852), pp. 2297. col. 2 § 4, repeating the text of "Commissa Divinitus."
  51. ^ Elnensis: provinciae Pyrenaeorum Orientalium: "Paternae Charitatis," in: Bullarii Romani continuatio, (in Latin), Tomus septimus, pars 2 (Prati: Typographua Aldina 1852), pp. 2301-2302 § 13.
  52. ^ Diocèse de Perpignan-Elne, "Les Pelerinages;" retrieved: 29 May 2025.
  53. ^ Pèlerinages du diocèse de Perpignan-Elne.; retrieved: 29 May 2025.
  54. ^ Johannes Biclarensis, "Chronicon", in: Jacques Paul Migne, Patrologiae latina cursus completus ... series Latina, (in Latin), Volume 72 (Paris: 1849), p. 864: "Anno vi Justini imperatoris qui est Leovigildi regis iv annus ...Miro Suevorum rex bellum contra Aragones movet. Domnus Helenensis Ecclesiæ episcopus clarus habetur." Duchesne, p. 319 no. 1.
  55. ^ He was present at the Third Council of Toledo: Frank Riess (2013). Narbonne and Its Territory in Late Antiquity: From the Visigoths to the Arabs. New York: Routledge. p. 162. ISBN 978-1-317-09070-0.. Duchesne, p. 320, no. 2.
  56. ^ Bishop Acutulus was present at the council of Toledo in 633, and the council of Toledo in 638. Duchesne, p. 320, no. 3.
  57. ^ Witaricius (Ilitaricius) attended the council of Toledo in 656. Duchesne, p. 320, no. 4.
  58. ^ Hyacinthius: Duchesne, p. 320, no. 5.
  59. ^ Bishop Clarus sent his Vicar Veremundus to the Council of Toledo in 683. Gallia christiana VI, p. 1032. Duchesne, p. 320, no. 6.
  60. ^ Wenedurius (Veredarius) is known only from the report of the "False Council of Narbonne", purportedly held in 788. Gallia christiana VI, p. 1032. Duchesne, p. 320, no. 7. J.D. Mansi, Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima, (in Latin), Volume 13 (Florence: A. Zatta 1767), p. 823: "In Chriſti nomine Vvenedurius Heltnensis episcopus subscripſi ." Antonio Pagi, cited by Mansi at pp. 824-825, gives numerous examples proving that the one document, "The False Council of Narbonne", in which the name Wenedurius appears, is a forgery. Charlemagne, for example, is thrice called "Emperor" in a document of 788, though he did not receive the tite until 25 December 800. Additionally, the Indiction number in the date is wrong.
  61. ^ Bishop Salomo is mentioned in a document of Lothair in 834, and one of Louis the Pious on 5 March 836. In the manuscript, his name is Fulmo, which is changed by the editors to Salomo. the Indiction number, too, has been altered by scholars (IV/XIV). Johann F. Böhmer & Engelbert Mühlbacher, Die Regesten des Kaiserreichs unter den Karolingern: 751-918, (in German) second edition, Band 1 (Innsbruck: Wagner 1889), pp. 351-352. Duchesne, p. 320, no. 8. The date in the document assigned to 834 is also a matter of contention: De Vic and Vaissete, Histoire de Languedoc, (in French), (Toulouse: J.-B. Paya 1840), pp. 460-461. Bishop Salomo is also mentioned in a document of 875: De Vic & Vaissete Vol. 2, p. 663 col. 2.
  62. ^ Bishop Audesindus was excommunicated along with Fredulus of Narbonne for uncanonical actions by Pope Leo IV c. 852. Philippus Jaffé & S. Loewenfeld, Regesta pontificum romanorum, (in Latin), second edition (Leipzig: Veit 1885), p. 334, no. 2623. Duchesne, p. 320, no. 9.
  63. ^ On 17 November 886, Bishop Riculfus participated in the council of Narbonne in villa Portu. Jacques Sirmond, Concilia antiqua Galliae, (in Latin), Vol. 3, p. 522. Duchesne states that he was still active in 917. Duchesne, p. 320, no. 10.
  64. ^ (son of Oliba Cabreta). Gallia christiana VI, p. 1038-1039.
  65. ^ Berenguer (III.): Puiggari, pp. 19-21.
  66. ^ As Bishop-elect he was summoned to Rome by Pope Honorius, who planned to sort out the chaos in the Duchy of Narbonne: Rebecca Rist (2009). The Papacy and Crusading in Europe, 1198-1245. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 84. ISBN 978-1-4411-7952-4. Bishop Gualterus was consecrated in Rome by Pope Honorius: Puiggari, p. 41.
  67. ^ Bishop Raymond (Ramón V), under orders from the Archbishop of Narbonne, and with materials and instructions provided by Pope Clement V, conducted trials of the Templars of Mas Deu. The bishop's court exonerated them. Malcolm Barber (2012). The Trial of the Templars. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 237–239. ISBN 978-1-107-39466-7.
  68. ^ Eubel, Hierarchia catholica I, p. 238.
  69. ^ Jean Jofrevi had been archdeacon of Gacey in the diocese of Lisieux, then bishop of Riez (1348–1352), then bishop of Valence et Die (1352–1354), then bishop of Luçon (1354), then bishop of Elne (21 November 1354). In 1355, he was sent by Pope Innocent VI to arrange a peace between King Edward III of England and King John II of France. He was transferred to the diocese of Le Puy on 27 February 1357. He died in 1361. Gallia christiana VI, p. 1059. Puggiari, pp. 60-61. Eubel I, pp. 91, 239, 315, 417, 513.
  70. ^ Raymond de Salc (Salgues) was a native of Quercy. He was a doctor of Canon Law and Dean of the cathedral Chapter of Paris, as well as a papal chaplain. He was appointed bishop of Elne on 21 August 1357, and was transferred to the archdiocese of Embrun on 18 June 1361, and then to Agen on 10 January 1364. On the same day he was appointed Patriarch of Antioch. He died in 1375. Eubel I, pp. 77, 93, 234, 239. B. Palustre. Inventaire sommaire des archives... (1904), p. XII.
  71. ^ Pierre de Planella had been a canon of Mallorcaa. He was appointed bishop of Elne on 18 June 1361 by Pope Innocent VI. He was transferred to the diocese of Barcelona on 24 March 1371. He increased the number of canons in the Chapter of Elne from 15 to 20 on 13 April 1366. Eubel I, p. 239. B. Palustre. Inventaire sommaire des archives... (1904), p. XII.
  72. ^ Raymond was appointed bishop of Elne by Pope Gregory XI on 7 August 1377. He was transferred to the diocese of Lerida (Ilerda) by Pope Clement VII on 17 October 1380, and then to Barcelona on 30 March 1386. He died on 24 July 1398. Eubel I, pp. 128, 239, 283.
  73. ^ Dalmatius was appointed on 17 October 1380 by Pope Clement VII. He was still bishop-elect when he died in 1384. Eubel I, p. 239.
  74. ^ Bartolomeu Peyró: Eubel, I, p. 239.
  75. ^ (Ramon de Descatllar y de Palassol): The transfer of Raimundus de Castella from Elne to Gerona was approved in Consistory by Pope Benedict XIII of the Avignon Obedience on 19 December 1408. He died on 5 May 1415: Eubel, I, p. 239, 262. He had been bishop of Elne for less than three months.
  76. ^ Francesc was confessor to King Peter III of Aragon. He attended Benedict XIII's Council of Perpignan in 1408. He was made Patriarch of Jerusalem and Bishop of Elne (19 December 1408). He died on 23 January 1409, after a reign of five weeks. Eubel I, p. 239. Mary Carruthers; Jan M. Ziolkowski (2003). The Medieval Craft of Memory: An Anthology of Texts and Pictures. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 189. ISBN 0-8122-1881-7.
  77. ^ Alfons d'Eixea was Canon of Barcelona when his appointment to Elne was approved in Consistory by Benedict XIII on 15 May 1409. He was transferred to the diocese of Vich on 23 May 1410: Eubel, I, p. 526. He had been Bishop of Elne for 53 weeks. Eubel I, p. 239.
  78. ^ Casanova was named a cardinal on 8 November 1430 by Pope Martin V, (Eubel I, p. 34). He received the red hat and the titulus of S. Sisto from Eugenius IV on 11 July 1431. He continued to govern the diocese of Elne as Administrator. He died in Florence on 1 March 1436. Eubel I, p. 239.
  79. ^ Francisco José Morales Roca (1999). Prelados, abades mitrados, dignidades capitulares y caballeros de las órdenes militares habilitados por el brazo eclesiástico en las cortes del principado de Cataluña: dinastias de Trastamara y de Austria : siglos XV y XVI (1410-1599) (in Spanish). Vol. Tomo I. Madrid: Ediciones Hidalguia. p. 77. ISBN 978-84-89851-15-3.
  80. ^ Puiggari, pp. 77-78. In March 1458 he was sent by King John II of Aragon to congratulate Pope Pius II on his election. He was named Bishop of Gerona on 23 September 1461: Eubel, II, p. 159.
  81. ^ Puiggari, p. 79. On 15 November 1462 Cardona was named Councillor to the King of France, with an annual pension of 1,500 livres Tournois.
  82. ^ Puiggari, p. 80. Pintor took possession of his diocese in June 1479. He died on 28 February 1470 in the Episcopal Palace in Perpignan.
  83. ^ Carles de Sant Gelai: Puiggari, pp. 80-81. He resigned in 1475, and was named titular bishop of Maragha in Persia: Eubel, II, p. 185.
  84. ^ Carles de Martiny: Puiggari, pp. 81-84. Martigny was Louis XI's resident ambassador in England from 1477 to 1480, when he was brought to trial for treason, for having exceeded his powers and signed an unfavorable treaty. It was actually a diplomatic maneuver on the part of Louis XI to avoid acceptance of the treaty: S. H. Cuttler (2003). The Law of Treason and Treason Trials in Later Medieval France. Cambridge University Press. pp. 232–. ISBN 978-0-521-52643-2. He continued his diplomatic work for Louis XI and for Charles VIII.
  85. ^ Sforza was never consecrated a bishop; he never took possession of the diocese of Elne.
  86. ^ Salvador Miranda, Librarian Emeritus, Florida International University, The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of May 31, 1503 Archived October 11, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. Lloris, a nephew of Pope Alexander VI, acted as Commissary General of the papal armies of Alexander VI for Cesare Borgia.
  87. ^ Eubel, III, p. 192.
  88. ^ A cleric of the diocese of Cartagena, Loazes was nominated bishop by Charles V, and appointed by Pope Paul III on 5 May 1542. He was transferred to the diocese of Lerida on 6 August 1543, and then to Tortosa on 28 April 1553. He became archbishop of Tarragona on 26 April 1560, and then archbishop of Valencia on 28 April 1567. He died on 28 February 1568. Eubel III, pp. 186 with note 10; 192 with note 12; 308 with note 7; 325.
  89. ^ Bishop Despuig (Pugius) attended Sessio XVI of the Council of Trent.
  90. ^ Onuphrius was a native of Perpignan, a doctor of theology, and a canon of the cathedral of Barcelona. He was nominated by King Philip III of Spain, and approved by Pope Clement VIII on 1 February 1599. He was transferred to the diocese of Vich (Aragon) on 3 March 1608 by Pope Paul V, and then transferred to Gerona on 19 December 1611. He resigned in 1621, and died in 1622. Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, pp. 181, 194, 367.
  91. ^ Matute y Gaviria, Justino (1886). Memorias de los obispos de Marruecos y demás auxiliares de Sevilla ó que en ella han ejercido funciones episcopales (in Spanish). Sevilla: En la oficina de El Órden. pp. 32–34. He had previously been Auxiliary Bishop of Seville and titular Bishop of Medaura. Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, p. 227.
  92. ^ "Bishop Rafael Ripoz, O.P." Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved November 24, 2016[self-published source]
  93. ^ Francisco Pérez Roy (Francesc Pères i Roi) a doctor of theology and a canon of Alcala. On 18 December 1638, he made his formal entry into Perpignan. On 24 April 1640, he was represented at the provincial council of Barcelona by his Vicar-General, Joseph du Vivier de Saint-Martin. He was transferred to Guadix on 3 August 1643. Puggiari, pp. 111-112. Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, p. 198.
  94. ^ In 1657, Canon Joseph Balma was sent to Rome by the Chapter of Elne to demand the appointment of a bishop. B. Palustre & Archives départementales des Pyrénées-Orientales, Inventaire sommaire des archives départementales antérieures à 1790: Pyrénées-Orientales : Archives ecclésiastiques, Série G, (in French), (Perpignan: l'Indépendant, 1904), p. 23, col. 2.
  95. ^ Tolra de Bordas, p. 223. It is said that he was designated by Louis XIII to succeed Perez Roy, but Louis XIII died on 14 May 1643, before the actual vacancy, and Du Vivier did not receive his bulls. Puggiari, p. 112.
  96. ^ Nominated by Louis XIV on 4 May 1668, approved by Clement X on 12 November 1668: Ritzler, V, p. 193.
  97. ^ De Bruelh was appointed by Louis XIV, but he died before ever receiving his bulls of appointment from Rome: Puiggari, p. 114.
  98. ^ He was nominated by Louis XIV, but was transferred to Marseille before he ever visited Perpignan-Elne: Puiggari, p. 115. He is not listed by Ritzler, V, p. 193. In the struggle between Innocent XI and Louis XIV, the Pope was refusing to confirm royal appointments. In addition, the Pope wanted to transfer Elne-Perpignan from being a suffragan to direct control from Rome (Michaud, II, pp. 319-320; III, p. 139). Étampes did not receive his bulls for Marseille until 1682: Ritzler, p. 260, where there is no mention of Elne-Perpignan.
  99. ^ Habert was appointed by Louis XIV on 2 November 1680; he was not consecrated, however, until 12 August 1682, since his bulls were not signed until 12 January 1682: Puiggari, p. 116. Jean, p. 273. Ritzler, V, p. 193.
  100. ^ Bishop Basan was nominated by Louis XIV on 8 September 1695, and approved by Pope Innocent XII in Consistory on 12 December 1695. He died on 5 January 1721. Jean, p. 273. Ritzler, Hierarchia catholica V, p. 194, and n. 4.
  101. ^ Varouy: Jean, pp. 273-274.
  102. ^ Barthelemy: Jean, p. 274.
  103. ^ Puggiari, p. 124. Ritzler & Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica VI, p. 206, and note 4.
  104. ^ Paul Pisani (1907). Répertoire biographique de l'épiscopat constitutionnel (1791-1802) (in French). Paris: A. Picard et fils. pp. 396–400. He publicly renounced the Catholic faith on 29 November 1793, and died on 17 May 1796.
  105. ^ Pisani, pp. 400-403. He died in 1814.
  106. ^ His death notice: L'Ami de la religion (in French). Vol. 162. Paris: Librairie Ecclésiastique d'Adrien le Clerc et cie. 1853. p. 682.
  107. ^ Gérard Colvy, "Gallicans et Ultramontains. Mgr. Ramadié successeur de Mgr. Gerber à Perpignan (1864)," Jean-Dominique Durand; Régis Ladous (1992). Histoire religieuse: histoire globale, histoire ouverte : mélanges offerts à Jacques Gadille (in French). Paris: Editions Beauchesne. pp. 301–316, at p. 305. ISBN 978-2-7010-1245-2.
  108. ^ Eugène Cortade (1994). Juli de Carsalade du Pont: bisbe de Perpinyà i defensor de Catalunya (in Catalan). Curial. ISBN 978-84-7256-968-3.
  109. ^ "Rinunce e Nomine, 06.03.2014" (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 6 March 2014. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  110. ^ Turini (18 October 2014 – 9 July 2022): "Resignations and Appointments, 09.07.2022" (Press release). Holy See Press Office. 9 July 2022. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  111. ^ "Resignations and Appointments, 11.04.2023" (Press release). Holy See Press Office. 11 April 2023. Retrieved 11 April 2022.

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