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1980 Republican Party presidential primaries

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1980 Republican Party presidential primaries
← 1976 January 21 to June 28, 1980 1984 →
1,990 delegates to the Republican National Convention
996 (majority) votes needed to win
 
Candidate Ronald Reagan George H. W. Bush John B. Anderson
Home state California Texas Illinois
Delegate count 1,407 250 59
Contests won 42 9 0
Popular vote 7,709,793 3,070,033 1,572,174
Percentage 59.79% 23.81% 12.19%
     Reagan      Bush      Uncommitted
Previous Republican nominee

Gerald Ford

 Republican nominee

Ronald Reagan

From January 21 to June 28, 1980, voters of the Republican Party chose its nominee for president in the 1980 United States presidential election. Retired Hollywood actor and two-term California governor Ronald Reagan was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the Republican National Convention held from July 14 to 17, 1980, in Detroit, Michigan. This was the last Republican primary which featured the nominee choosing a fellow candidate as his running mate.

Background

[edit]

As the 1980 presidential election approached, incumbent Democratic president Jimmy Carter appeared vulnerable. High gas prices, economic stagflation, a renewed Cold War with the Soviet Union following the invasion of Afghanistan, and the Iran hostage crisis that developed when Iranian students seized the American embassy in Tehran all contributed to a general dissatisfaction with Carter's presidency; his job approval rating sank to below 20 percent in late-1979 as a result. Consequently, the president faced stiff Democratic primary challenges from Massachusetts Senator Ted Kennedy and California Governor Jerry Brown. A large field of Republican challengers also emerged.

Candidates

[edit]

Nominee

[edit]
Candidate Most recent office Home state Campaign Popular vote Contests won Running mate
Ronald Reagan Governor of California
(1967–1975) 		California

California


(Campaign • Positions)
Secured nomination:
May 24, 1980 		7,709,793
(59.79%) 		42 George Bush

Withdrew during primaries

[edit]
Candidate Most recent office Home state Campaign

Withdrawal date

Popular vote Contests won
George H. W. Bush Director of Central Intelligence Agency
(1976–1977) 		California

Texas


Campaign
Withdrew: May 26
(endorsed Ronald Reagan, nominated for vice president) 		3,070,033

(23.81%)

9

CT, DC, DE, IA, ME, MA, MI, PA, PR

John Anderson U.S. Representative
from Illinois
(1961–1981) 		California

Illinois


Withdrew: April 24
(ran as independent) 		1,572,174

(12.19%)

None
Phil Crane U.S. Representative
from Illinois
(1969–2005) 		California

Illinois


Withdrew: April 17[1]
(endorsed Ronald Reagan) 		97,793

(0.76%)

None
Ben Fernandez Special Envoy to Paraguay
(1973) 		California

California


Withdrew: March 30
(endorsed Ronald Reagan) 		25,520

(0.20%)

None
Bob Dole U.S. Senator
from Kansas
(1969–1996) 		California

Kansas


Withdrew: March 15
(endorsed Ronald Reagan) 		7,204

(0.06%)

None
John Connally Secretary of the Treasury
(1971–1972) 		California

Texas


Withdrew: March 9
(endorsed Ronald Reagan) 		82,625

(0.64%)

None
Howard Baker U.S. Senator
from Tennessee
(1967–1985)

Tennessee


Withdrew: March 5
(endorsed Ronald Reagan) 		181,153

(1.41%)

None
Harold Stassen Director of the Foreign Operations Administration
(1953–1955)

Pennsylvania

[data missing] 25,425

(0.20%)

None

Withdrew before primaries

[edit]
Candidate Most recent office Home state Campaign

Withdrawal date

Larry Pressler U.S. Senator
from South Dakota
(1979–1997) 		California

South Dakota

January 8, 1980
Lowell Weicker U.S. Senator
from Connecticut
(1971–1989) 		California

Connecticut

May 16, 1979

Declined to run

[edit]
Jesse Helms Richard Schweiker Jim Thompson Bill Simon Jack Kemp Anne L. Armstrong Elliot Richardson Alexander Haig Gerald Ford
U.S. Senator
from North Carolina
(1973–2003) 		U.S. Senator
from Pennsylvania
(1969–1981) 		Governor of Illinois
(1977–1991) 		United States Secretary of the Treasury
(1974–1977) 		U.S. Representative
from New York
(1971–1989) 		U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom
(1976–1977) 		United States Secretary of Commerce
(1976–1977) 		Supreme Allied Commander Europe
(1974–1979) 		U.S. President
from Michigan
(1974–1977)
November 8, 1978[2] January 5, 1979
(Endorsed Ronald Reagan)[3] 		January 23, 1979[4] March 6, 1979
(Endorsed Ronald Reagan)[5] 		September 28, 1979[6] Post-September 30, 1979[a][7] October 16, 1979[8] December 22, 1979[9] March 15, 1980[10]

Speculated Candidates

[edit]

The following potential candidates were considered possible candidates to run for the Republican nomination in 1980 by the media, but never stated a preference for or against running.[11][12]

Polling

[edit]

National polling

[edit]
Poll source Publication date
John Anderson
Howard Baker
George Bush
John Connally
Bob Dole
Gerald Ford
Ronald Reagan
Others
Gallup[13] Aug. 1977 – 8% – – – 20% 33% 3%
Gallup[13] Apr. 1978 – 11% – 4% 4% 40% 30% 4%
Gallup[13] July 1978 – 9% 1% 5% 4% 37% 31% 5%
Gallup[13] Dec. 1978 1% 9% 1% 6% 1% 24% 40% 11%[b]
Gallup[13] Apr. 1979 2% 8% 1% 12% 1% 26% 31% 11%[c]
Gallup[13] May 1979 – 10% – 8% 3% 27% 28% –
Gallup[13] June 1979 0% 11% 0% 5% 0% 29% 37% 5%
Gallup[13] July 1979 3% 11% 1% 9% 2% 27% 32% 15%[d]
Gallup[13] Aug. 1979 1% 10% 3% 8% 1% 21% 29% 16%[e]
Gallup[13] Nov. 1979 1% 14% 2% 10% 3% 22% 33% 15%[f]
Gallup[13] Nov. 1979 0% 11% 5% 8% 3% 24% 40% —
Gallup[13] Dec. 1979 1% 9% 7% 10% 4% 18% 40% 10%[g]
Gallup[13] Jan. 1980 3% 9% 9% 9% 0% 27% 33% —
Gallup[13] Jan. 1980 0% 6% 28% 7% 0% 18% 29% —
Gallup[13] Feb. 1980 2% 6% 17% 4% 1% 32% 34% 3%[h]
Gallup[13] Feb. 1980 3% 7% 16% – – 25% 44% —
  1. ^ Never announced a clear declination on running
  2. ^ Including 1% for Phil Crane.
  3. ^ Including 2% for Phil Crane.
  4. ^ Including 2% for Phil Crane.
  5. ^ Including 1% each for Phil Crane, Benjamin Fernandez, and Harold Stassen.
  6. ^ Including 1% each for Phil Crane, Benjamin Fernandez, and Harold Stassen.
  7. ^ Including 1% each for Phil Crane, Benjamin Fernandez, and Harold Stassen.
  8. ^ 1% each for Phil Crane, Benjamin Fernandez, and Harold Stassen.

Primary race

[edit]
  • The Nashua debate between Reagan and Bush
    The Nashua debate between Reagan and Bush
  • A Chicago debate with Crane, Bush, moderator Eric Sevareid, Reagan, and Anderson
    A Chicago debate with Crane, Bush, moderator Eric Sevareid, Reagan, and Anderson
Active campaign Exploratory committee Withdrawn candidate Republican National Convention
Midterm elections Debates Primaries

Ronald Reagan, who had narrowly lost the 1976 Republican nomination to President Gerald Ford, was the early odds-on favorite to win the nomination in 1980. He was so far ahead in the polls that campaign director John Sears decided on an "above the fray" strategy. He did not attend many of the multi-candidate forums and straw polls in the summer and fall of 1979. George H. W. Bush, the former director of the Central Intelligence Agency and chairman of the Republican National Committee, did go to all the "cattle calls", and began to come in first at a number of these events. Along with the top two, a number of other Republican politicians entered the race. In January 1980, the Iowa Republicans decided to have a straw poll as a part of their caucuses for that year. Bush defeated Reagan by a small margin. Bush declared he had "the Big Mo", and with Reagan boycotting the Puerto Rico primary in deference to New Hampshire, Bush won the territory easily, giving him an early lead going into New Hampshire.

With the other candidates in single digits, the Nashua Telegraph offered to host a debate between Reagan and Bush. Worried that a newspaper-sponsored debate might violate electoral regulations, Reagan subsequently arranged to fund the event with his own campaign money, inviting the other candidates to participate at short notice. The Bush camp did not learn of Reagan's decision to include the other candidates until the debate was due to commence. Bush refused to participate, which led to an impasse on the stage. As Reagan attempted to explain his decision, Jon Breen, the editor of the Nashua Telegraph and debate moderator, ordered a technician to mute Reagan's microphone. When the technician refused, Breen repeated his order. A visibly angry Reagan responded, "I am paying for this microphone, Mr. Green [sic]!"[14][15][16] Eventually the other candidates agreed to leave, and the debate proceeded between Reagan and Bush. Reagan's quote was often repeated as "I paid for this microphone!" and dominated news coverage of the event; Reagan sailed to an easy win in New Hampshire.[17]

Ronald Reagan delivering his acceptance speech at the Republican National Convention in Detroit, Michigan, on July 17, 1980.

Lee Bandy, a writer for the South Carolina newspaper The State stated that heading into the South Carolina primary, political operative Lee Atwater worked to engineer a victory for Reagan: "Lee Atwater figured that Connally was their biggest threat here in South Carolina. So Lee leaked a story to me that John Connally was trying to buy the black vote. Well, that story got out, thanks to me, and it probably killed Connally. He spent $10 million for one delegate. Lee saved Ronald Reagan's candidacy."[18]

Reagan swept the South, and although he lost five more primaries to Bush—including the Massachusetts primary in which he came in third place behind John B. Anderson—the former governor had a lock on the nomination very early in the season. Reagan said he would always be grateful to the people of Iowa for giving him "the kick in the pants" he needed.

Reagan was an adherent to a policy known as supply-side economics, which argues that economic growth can be most effectively created using incentives for people to produce (supply) goods and services, such as adjusting income tax and capital gains tax rates. Accordingly, Reagan promised an economic revival that would benefit all sectors of the population. He said that cutting tax rates would actually increase tax revenues because the lower rates would cause people to work harder as they would be able to keep more of their money. Reagan also called for a drastic cut in "big government" and pledged to deliver a balanced budget for the first time since 1969. In the primaries, Bush called Reagan's economic policy "voodoo economics" because it promised to lower taxes and increase revenues at the same time.

Schedule and results

[edit]
Date (daily totals) Contest Total pledged delegates
Delegates won and popular vote[a]
Ronald Reagan George Bush John Anderson Phil Crane Bob Dole John Connally Howard Baker Others Uncommitted
January 21 Iowa caucus[19]
106,608 		0 (of 38)
31,348 (29.40%)
33,530 (31.45%)
4,585 (4.30%)
7,135 (6.69%)
1,576 (1.48%)
9,861 (9.25%)
16,773 (15.73%) 		–
1,800 (1.69%)
February 2 Arkansas[20]
district conventions 		12 (of 19) 6 1 – – – – 4 – 1
February 16 Arkansas[21]
convention 		7 (of 19) 1 1 – – – 1 – – 4
February 17 Puerto Rico[22]
187,946 		14 (of 20) – 14
112,901 (60.07%) 		– –
457 (0.24%)
2,039 (1.08%)
70,025 (37.26%)
2,524[b] (1.34%) 		–
February 26 New Hampshire[23]
146,782 		23 15
72,734 (49.55%) 		5
33,304 (22.69%)
14,622 (9.96%)
2,633 (1.79%)
608 (0.41%)
2,215 (1.51%) 		2
18,760 (12.78%)
1,906 WI[c] (1.30%) 		–
March 1 Iowa[24]
county conventions 		2,902 CDs 925 CDs
(31.87%) 		1,150 CDs
(39.63%) 		64 CDs
(2.21%) 		91 CDs
(3.14%) 		2 CDs
(0.07%) 		127 CDs
(4.38%) 		322 CDs
(11.10%) 		– 221 CDs (7.62%)
March 4 Massachusetts[25]
400,826 		42 13
115,334 (28.77%) 		14
124,365 (31.03%) 		13
122,987 (30.68%)
4,669 (1.16%)
577 (0.14%)
4,714 (1.18%) 		2
19,366 (4.82%)
6,571 WI[d] (1.64%) 		2,243 (0.56%)
Vermont[26]
65,611 		0 (of 19)
19,720 (30.06%)
14,226 (21.68%)
19,030 (29.00%)
1,238 (1.89%) 		–
884 WI (1.35%)
8,055 (12.28%)
2,458 WI (3.75%) 		–
March 8 South Carolina[27]
145,501 		25 25
79,549 (54.67%)
21,569 (14.82%) 		– –
117 (0.08%)
43,113 (29.63%)
773 (0.53%)
380[e] (0.26%) 		–
March 11 (126) Alabama[28]
211,353 		27 18
147,352 (69.72%) 		9
54,730 (25.90%) 		–
5,099 (2.41%)
447 (0.21%)
1,077 (0.51%)
1,963 (0.93%)
685[f] (0.32%) 		–
Florida[29]
614,995 		51 51
345,699 (56.21%)
185,996 (30.24%)
56,636 (9.21%)
12,000 (1.95%)
1,086 (0.18%)
4,958 (0.81%)
6,345 (1.03%)
2,275[g] (0.37%) 		–
Georgia[30]
200,171 		36 36
146,500 (73.18%)
25,293 (12.64%)
16,853 (8.42%)
6,308 (3.15%)
249 (0.12%)
2,388 (1.19%)
1,571 (0.78%)
1,009[h] (0.50%) 		–
March 18 Illinois[31][32][i]
1,130,081 		92 46
547,355 (48.44%) 		2
124,057 (10.98%) 		26
415,193 (36.74%) 		4
24,865 (2.20%)
1,843 (0.16%)
4,548 (0.40%)
7,051 (0.62%)
5,169[j] (0.46%) 		–
March 25 Connecticut[33]
182,284 		35 14
61,735 (33.87%) 		15
70,367 (38.60%) 		6
40,354 (22.14%)
1,887 (1.04%)
333 (0.18%)
598 (0.33%)
2,446 (1.34%)
308[k] (0.17%)
4,256 (2.33%)
New York[34][35] 117 (of 123) 72 6 1 – – – – – 38
April 1 Kansas[36]
285,398 		35 20
179,739 (62.98%) 		4
35,838 (12.56%) 		5
51,924 (18.19%)
1,367 (0.48%) 		–
2,067 (0.72%)
3,603 (1.26%) 		4,134[l] (1.45%) 6,726 (2.36%)
Wisconsin[37]
907,853 		34 28
364,898 (40.19%)
276,164 (30.42%) 		6
248,623 (27.39%)
2,951 (0.33%) 		–
2,312 (0.26%)
3,298 (0.36%)
7,012 WI[m] (0.77%)
4,951 (0.29%)
April 5 Louisiana[38]
42,397 		29 29
31,256 (73.72%)
8,066 (19.02%) 		– – – – –
820[n] (1.93%)
2,255 (5.32%)
April 17 North Dakota[39]
convention 		28 12 1 – – – – – – 4
April 19 Maine[40]
convention 		21 – 17 – – – – – – 4
Minnesota[o][41]
district conventions 		6 (of 34) 6 – – – – – – – –
April 20 Alaska[42]
convention 		19 19 – – – – – – – –
April 22 Pennsylvania[43][i]
1,241,411 		76 (of 83)
527,916 (42.53%)
626,759 (50.49%)
26,890 WI (2.17%) 		– –
10,656 (0.86%)
30,846 (2.49%) 		76 [p]
18,344[q] (1.48%) 		–
Vermont[44]
caucuses 		979 SDs[r] 318 SDs
(32.48%) 		67 SDs
(6.84%) 		13 SDs
(1.33%) 		– – – – – –
April 26 Minnesota[s][45]
district conventions 		3 (of 34) 3 – – – – – – – –
Missouri[t][46][47]
district conventions 		15 (of 37) 15 – – – – – – – –
May 3 Arizona[48]
convention 		28 28 – – – – – – – –
Minnesota[u][49]
district conventions 		12 (of 34) 4 8 – – – – – – –
Missouri[v][47]
district conventions 		15 (of 37) 15 – – – – – – – –
Oklahoma[48]
convention 		28 28 – – – – – – – –
Texas[50]
526,769 		80 65
268,798 (50.49%) 		15
249,819 (47.43%) 		– – – – – –
8,152 (1.55%)
May 6 Washington, D.C.[51][i]
7,529 		14 – 14
4,973 (66.05%)
2,025 (26.90%) 		– – – –
261[w] (3.47%) 		–
Indiana[50]
568,313 		56 56
419,016 (73.73%)
92,955 (16.36%)
56,342 (9.91%) 		– – – – – –
North Carolina[52]
168,391 		40 30
113,854 (67.61%) 		10
36,631 (21.75%)
8,542 (5.07%)
547 (0.33%)
629 (0.37%)
1,107 (0.66%)
2,543 (1.51%) 		–
4,538 (2.70%)
Tennessee[52]
195,210 		32 24
144,625 (74.09%) 		8
35,274 (18.07%)
8,722 (4.47%)
1,574 (0.81%)
629 (0.37%)
1 WI (0.00%)
16 WI (0.01%)
22 WI[x] (0.01%)
4,976 (2.55%)
May 10 Wyoming[53]
convention 		19 16 – – – – – – – 3
May 13 Maryland[54]
167,303 		30 15
80,557 (48.15%) 		15
68,389 (40.88%)
16,244 (9.71%)
2,113 (1.26%) 		– – – – –
Nebraska[54]
205,203 		25 25
155,995 (76.02%)
31,380 (15.29%)
11,879 (5.79%)
1,062 (0.52%)
1,420 (0.69%) 		– –
3,467[y] (1.69%) 		–
May 17 Hawaii[55]
convention 		14 – – – – – – – – 14
May 20
(116) 		Michigan[56]
595,176 		82 29
189,184 (31.79%) 		53
341,998 (57.46%)
48,947 (8.22%) 		– – – –
4,782[z] (0.80%)
10,265 (1.73%)
Oregon[56]
315,366 		29 18
170,449 (54.05%) 		11
109,210 (34.63%)
32,118 (10.18%)
2,324 (0.74%) 		– – –
1,265 WI (0.40%) 		–
May 17 Delaware[57]
convention 		12 (of 21) 4 6 – – – – – – 2
May 25 Vermont[58]
convention 		19 16 – – – – – – – 3
May 27 Idaho[59]
134,879 		17 (of 21) 15
111,868 (82.94%)
5,416 (4.02%) 		2
13,130 (9.74%)
1,024 (0.76%) 		– – – –
3,441 (2.55%)
Kentucky[60]
94,795 		27 27
78,072 (82.36%)
6,861 (7.24%)
4,791 (5.05%) 		– – – –
1,987[aa] (2.10%)
3,084 (3.25%)
Nevada[61]
47,395 		17 14
39,352 (83.03%) 		1
3,078 (6.49%) 		– – – – – – 2
4,965 (10.48%)
May 30 Minnesota[62]
convention 		10 (of 34) 10 – – – – – – – –
May 31 Colorado[ab][63]
district conventions 		3 (of 31) 3 – – – – – – – –
Missouri[64]
convention 		7 (of 37) 7 – – – – – – – –
June 3
(408) 		California[65]
2,564,072 		168 168
2,057,923 (80.26%)
125,113 (4.88%)
349,315 (13.62%)
21,465 (0.84%) 		– – –
10,256[ac] (0.40%) 		–
Mississippi[66]
25,751 		22 22
23,028 (89.43%)
2,105 (8.17%) 		– – – – – –
618 (2.40%)
Montana[66]
79,473 		0 (of 20)
68,794 (86.56%)
7,665 (9.65%) 		– – – – – – –
New Jersey[67][67][i]
277,977 (79,473) 		66 63
225,959 (81.29%) 		2
47,447 (17.07%) 		– – – – – 1
4,571[ad] (1.64%) 		–
New Mexico[68]
59,546 		22 22
37,982 (63.79%)
5,892 (9.90%) 		– – – –
4,412 (7.41%)
2,742[ae] (4.60%)
1,347 (2.26%)
Ohio[69]
856,773 		77 77
692,288 (80.80%)
164,485 (19.20%) 		– – – – – – –
Rhode Island[65]
5,335 		13 12
3,839 (71.96%) 		1
993 (18.61%) 		– – – – –
155[af] (2.91%)
348 (6.52%)
South Dakota[70]
82,905 		22 22
72,861 (87.89%)
3,691 (4.45%) 		– – – – –
987[ag] (1.19%)
5,366 (6.47%)
West Virginia[65][i]
138,016 		18 15
115,407 (83.62%)
19,509 (14.14%) 		– – – – –
3,100[ah] (2.25%) 		3
June 6
(67) 		Iowa[71][72]
district conventions 		30 (of 37) 17 13 – – – – – – –
Washington[73]
convention 		37 34 1 1 – – – – – 1
June 7 Colorado[ai][74]
conventions 		28 (of 31) 28 – – – – – – – –
Iowa[72]
convention 		7 (of 30) 4 3 – – – – – – –
June 8 Montana[75]
convention 		20 20 – – – – – – – –
June 28 Idaho[76]
convention 		4 (of 21) 4 – – – – – – – –
Utah[77]
convention 		21 21 – – – – – – – –
Totals 1,990
12,894,286 		1,407
7,709,793 (59.79%) 		250
3,070,033 (23.81%) 		59
1,572,174 (12.19%) 		4
97,793 (0.76%) 		0
7,204 (0.06%) 		1
82,625 (0.64%) 		8
181,153 (1.41%) 		0
 156
112,560 (0.87%)

The Republican National Convention was held in Detroit, Michigan, from July 14 to 17, 1980.


Endorsements

[edit]
Main article: Endorsements in the 1980 Republican Party presidential primaries

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ This should not be taken as a finalized list of results. While a significant amount of research was done, there were a number of Delegates who were not bound by the instruction, or "Pledged" to a candidate, and to simplify the data these delegates were considered "Uncommitted". Some states also held primaries for the delegate positions, and these on occasion were where slates or candidates pledge to a certain candidate might be elected; however, as these elections allowed for a single person to vote for multiple candidates, as many as the number of positions being filled, it is difficult to determine how many people actually voted in these primaries. For this reason, while the results of some are in the table, they are not included in the popular vote summaries at the bottom of the table.
  2. ^ Includes 1,822 votes for Benjamin Fernandez and 589 votes for Harold Stassen.
  3. ^ Includes 380 write-in votes for Gerald Ford.
  4. ^ Includes 3,398 Write-in votes for Gerald Ford, 374 votes for Benjamin Fernandez, and 218 votes for Harold Stassen.
  5. ^ Includes 171 votes for Benjamin Fernandez and 150 votes for Harold Stassen.
  6. ^ Includes 544 votes for Harold Stassen.
  7. ^ Includes 1,377 votes for Harold Stassen and 898 votes for Benjamin Fernandez.
  8. ^ Includes 809 votes for Benjamin Fernandez and 200 votesfor Harold Stassen.
  9. ^ a b c d e There were two primaries in this state: a non-binding preference primary in which eligible voters cast ballots directly for a candidate and a delegate primary in which delegates to the National Convention were elected.
  10. ^ Includes 3,757 votes for Veldi Arvel "VA" Kelley and 1,106 write-in votes for Gerald Ford.
  11. ^ All 308 votes for Benjamin Fernandez.
  12. ^ Includes 809 votes for Benjamin Fernandez and 200 votes for Harold Stassen.
  13. ^ Includes 1,051 votes for Benjamin Fernandez and 1,010 votes for Harold Stassen.
  14. ^ Includes 150 votes for Harold Stassen and 125 votes for Benjamin Fernandez.
  15. ^ Only two of eight districts held conventions on this date.
  16. ^ It was generally felt that Reagan had won over the vast majority of those delegates elected, though legally they were uncommitted.
  17. ^ Includes 6,767 votes for Harold Stassen and 2,521 votes for Benjamin Fernandez.
  18. ^ Results only for 537 of the 979 Delegates were accounted for in the source.
  19. ^ Only one of eight districts held conventions on this date.
  20. ^ Only five of ten districts held conventions on this date.
  21. ^ Only five of eight districts held conventions on this date.
  22. ^ Only five of ten districts held conventions on this date.
  23. ^ Includes 201 votes for Harold Stassen and 60 votes for Benjamin Fernandez.
  24. ^ Includes 14 write-in votes for Gerald Ford.
  25. ^ Includes 799 votes for Harold Stassen and 400 votes for Benjamin Fernandez.
  26. ^ Includes 2,248 votes for Benjamin Fernandez and 1,938 votes for Harold Stassen.
  27. ^ Includes 1,223 votes for Harold Stassen and 764 votes for Benjamin Fernandez.
  28. ^ Only one of five districts held conventions on this date.
  29. ^ Includes 10,242 votes for Benjamin Fernandez.
  30. ^ All votes for Harold Stassen.
  31. ^ Includes 1,795 votes for Benjamin Fernandez and 947 votes for Harold Stassen.
  32. ^ Includes 107 votes for Harold Stassen and 48 votes for Benjamin Fernandez.
  33. ^ All votes for Harold Stassen.
  34. ^ All votes for Harold Stassen.
  35. ^ The results four district conventions are included, their exact dates not being found.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Reagan Maneuvering His Bandwagon," Washington Post, April 18, 1980.
  2. ^ "Helms: President? No Thanks". The Sentinel. November 9, 1978. p. 17 – via Newspapers.com.
  3. ^ "Sen. Schweiker Says He Will Not Seek Re-election". Intelligencer Journal. January 6, 1979. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
  4. ^ "Thompson Not In Race". The Pantagraph. January 25, 1979. p. A-6 – via Newspapers.com.
  5. ^ Clymer, Adam (March 8, 1979). "Backers of Reagan Open His Campaign". New York Times. p. A18. Retrieved March 20, 2020.
  6. ^ "Kemp Calls For 'Revolution' In GOP". The Daily Item. September 29, 1979. p. 10 – via Newspapers.com.
  7. ^ "Ex-Ambassador Anne Armstrong". The Star Press. September 30, 1979. p. D3 – via Newspapers.com.
  8. ^ "Richardson Rules Out Bid For Presidency Next Year". The Morning Union. October 17, 1979. p. 15 – via Newspapers.com.
  9. ^ "Haig Tries 'Water,' And Climbs Out". The Morning Union. December 23, 1979. p. 15 – via Newspapers.com.
  10. ^ "No Groundswell, So Ford Won't Run". Chicago Tribune. March 16, 1980. p. 2A – via Newspapers.com.
  11. ^ Sidey, Hugh (May 29, 1978). "The Presidency: Roses with a Touch of Ragweed". Time.
  12. ^ "Republicans: There's Life in the Old Party Yet". time. November 15, 1976.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "US President – R Primaries". OurCampaigns.com. November 16, 2004. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  14. ^ "Reagan's Nashua Moment". Retrieved February 11, 2024 – via www.youtube.com.
  15. ^ "Nation: We Were Sandbagged". Time. March 10, 1980.
  16. ^ "Molloy Sound and Video Contractors: Articles (1/1/11)". Molloysoundandvideo.com. February 10, 2000. Retrieved January 22, 2011.
  17. ^ Dunham, Richard (October 20, 2009). "New book tells inside story of pivotal Bush-Reagan debate in Nashua". The Houston Chronicle.
  18. ^ Forbes, Stefan (2008). "Transcript – Boogie Man: The Lee Atwater Story". PBS Frontline.
  19. ^ "BUSH WINS BY 2,182 VOTES". The Des Moines Register. Des Moines, Iowa. January 25, 1980. Retrieved March 18, 2024.
  20. ^ "ARKANSAS GOP SELECTS SEVERAL DELEGATES BUT MORE ARE TO BE PICKED FEB 16TH". The Daily World. Helena, Arkansas. February 4, 1980. Retrieved March 18, 2024.
  21. ^ "ARKANSAS GOP SELECTS SEVERAL DELEGATES BUT MORE ARE TO BE PICKED FEB 16TH". The Times. Shreveport, Louisiana. February 17, 1980. Retrieved March 18, 2024.
  22. ^ "BUSH WINS ALL IN PUERTO RICO". The Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. February 4, 1980. Retrieved March 18, 2024.
  23. ^ "BAKER TAKES SOLID 3D IN GOP CONTEST". The Boston Globe. Boston, Massachusetts. February 27, 1980. Retrieved March 18, 2024.
  24. ^ "BUSH SOLIDIFIES WIN OVER REAGAN IN COUNTY TALLY". The Des Moines Register. Des Moines, Iowa. March 3, 1980. Retrieved March 18, 2024.
  25. ^ "VERMONT GOES TO REAGAN, MASSACHUSETTS TO BUSH". The New York Times. New York, New York. March 6, 1980. Retrieved March 18, 2024.
  26. ^ "STATE DELEGATE FIGHT HAS ALREADY BEGUN". The Times Argus. Barre, Vermont. March 6, 1980. Retrieved March 18, 2024.
  27. ^ "REAGAN WIN CRUSHES FIELD IN GOP VOTE". The. Columbia, South Carolina. March 9, 1980. Retrieved March 18, 2024.
  28. ^ "KENNEDY GETS 2 DELEGATES". Birmingham Post-Herald. Birmingham, Alabama. March 17, 1980. Retrieved March 18, 2024.
  29. ^ "CARTER, REAGAN SWEEP SOUTH". The Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. March 12, 1980. Retrieved March 18, 2024.
  30. ^ "HERE'S DELEGATE BREAKDOWN OF CANDIDATE PREFERENCE". The Columbus Ledger. Columbus, Georgia. March 12, 1980. Retrieved March 18, 2024.
  31. ^ "ANDERSON LOSES HOME STATE". Chicago Tribune. Chicago, Illinois. March 19, 1980. Retrieved March 18, 2024.
  32. ^ "ILLINOIS PRIMARY FINAL RESULTS". Southern Illinoisan. Carbondale, Illinois. March 20, 1980. Retrieved March 18, 2024.
  33. ^ "REAGAN FELL JUST SHY OF DELEGATE MAJORITY". Hartford Courant. Hartford, Connecticut. March 29, 1980. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
  34. ^ "BUSH VICTORIOUS OVER REAGAN IN CONNECTICUT PRIMARY". New York Times. New York, New York. March 26, 1980. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
  35. ^ "SCORECARD OF DELEGATES". New York Times. New York, New York. March 26, 1980. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
  36. ^ "STATE MOVES TO DELEGATE STEP". The Marysville Advocate. Marysville, Kansas. April 3, 1980. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
  37. ^ "STATE FINAL VOTE TOTALS". Wisconsin Journal. Madison, Wisconsin. April 3, 1980. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
  38. ^ "STATE VOTE TOTALS". The Daily Advertiser. Lafayette, Louisiana. April 7, 1980. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
  39. ^ "REAGAN WINS NORTH DAKOTA". The Times. Shreveport, Louisiana. April 18, 1980. Retrieved March 23, 2024.
  40. ^ "BUSH CAPTURES MAINE DELEGATES". The Bangor Daily News. Bangor, Maine. April 21, 1980. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
  41. ^ "REAGAN GAINS DELEGATES IN MISSOURI". St. Cloud Times. Saint Cloud, Minnesota. April 21, 1980. Retrieved March 23, 2024.
  42. ^ "ALASKA REPUBLICANS TO VOTE FOR REAGAN". Daily Sitka Sentinel. Sitka, Alaska. April 21, 1980. Retrieved March 24, 2024.
  43. ^ "KENNEDY, CARTER IN CLIFFHANGER; BUSH, FLAHERTY, SPECTER WINNERS". The Pittsburgh Press. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. April 23, 1980. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
  44. ^ "REPUBLICANS". The Times Argus. Barre, Vermont. April 23, 1980. Retrieved March 18, 2024.
  45. ^ "REAGAN ADDS TO DELEGATE COUNT". St. Cloud Times. Saint Cloud, Minnesota. April 28, 1980. Retrieved March 23, 2024.
  46. ^ "REAGAN GAINS DELEGATES IN MISSOURI". The Kansas City Star. Kansas City, Missouri. February 4, 1980. Retrieved March 23, 2024.
  47. ^ a b "REAGAN GAINS DELEGATES IN MISSOURI". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. St. Louis, Missouri. February 4, 1980. Retrieved March 23, 2024.
  48. ^ a b "REAGAN SWEEPS STATE DELEGATES AT CONVENTION". Arizona Republic. Phoenix, Arizona. May 4, 1980. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
  49. ^ "BUSH WINS EIGHT DELEGATES". The Winona Daily News. Winona, Minnesota. May 5, 1980. Retrieved March 23, 2024.
  50. ^ a b "BUSH LIKELY TO FIND TIME RUNNING OUT". Fort Worth Star-Telegram. Fort Worth, Texas. May 5, 1980. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
  51. ^ "CARTER, REAGAN PAD LEADS WITH PRIMARY WINS". The Baltimore Sun. Baltimore, Maryland. May 7, 1980. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
  52. ^ a b "CARTER, REAGAN HOLD THREE-QUARTERS OF NEEDED DELEGATES". The Roanoke Times. Roanoke, Virginia. May 7, 1980. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
  53. ^ "WYOMING ADDED TO REAGAN LIST". The Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. May 11, 1980. Retrieved March 23, 2024.
  54. ^ a b "CARTER, REAGAN WIN EASILY". The Evening Sun. Baltimore, Maryland. May 14, 1980. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
  55. ^ "GOP DELEGATES PICK 'OPEN-MINDED' STANCE". The Honolulu Advertiser. Honolulu, Hawaii. May 18, 1980. Retrieved March 24, 2024.
  56. ^ a b "BUSH STRUGGLES TO CASH IN ON MICHIGAN WIN". Detroit Free Press. Detroit, Michigan. May 22, 1980. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
  57. ^ "BUSH IS VICTOR AT DELAWARE CONVENTION". The Morning News. Wilmington, Delaware. April 21, 1980. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
  58. ^ "VERMONT IS REAGAN'S; KENNEDY BEATS CARTER". Arizona Republic. Phoenix, Arizona. May 25, 1980. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
  59. ^ "FINAL RETURNS". The Times-News. Twin Falls, Idaho. May 29, 1980. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
  60. ^ "CARTER". The Journal. Frankfort, Kentucky. May 28, 1980. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
  61. ^ "CARTER IS ONLY 86 DELEGATES SHY OF GOAL". Merced Sun-Star. Merced, California. May 28, 1980. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
  62. ^ "REAGAN SWEEP LEAVES FEELINGS". The Austin Daily Herald. Austin, Minnesota. May 31, 1980. Retrieved March 23, 2024.
  63. ^ "REAGAN, CARTER WIN STATE POLLS". The Daily Sentinel. Grand Junction, Colorado. June 2, 1980. Retrieved March 24, 2024.
  64. ^ "U.S. MUST BE STRONG, REAGAN SAYS HERE". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. St. Louis, Missouri. June 1, 1980. Retrieved March 23, 2024.
  65. ^ a b c "CAPSULE LOOK AT RESULTS OF 9-STATE PRESIDENTIAL RACE". Oakland Tribune. Oakland, California. June 4, 1980. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
  66. ^ a b "CAPSULE LOOK AT RESULTS OF 9-STATE PRESIDENTIAL RACE". The Greenwood Commonwealth. Greenwood, Mississippi. June 4, 1980. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
  67. ^ a b "TED'S FORCES HAIL JERSEY VOTE MARGIN". The Jersey Journal. Jersey City, New Jersey. June 5, 1980. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
  68. ^ "KENNEDY BACKERS IN N.M. JUBILANT". The Albuquerque Tribune. Albuquerque, New Mexico. June 4, 1980. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
  69. ^ "CARTER WINS OHIO DESPITE STRONG SHOWING BY KENNEDY". The Cincinnati Post. Cincinnati, Ohio. June 4, 1980. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
  70. ^ "NOVEMBER IN SIGHT". Lead Daily Call. Lead, South Dakota. June 4, 1980. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
  71. ^ "DEAL FALTERS, GOP DELEGATES SPLIT". The Gazette. Cedar Rapids, Iowa. June 7, 1980. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
  72. ^ a b "GOV. RAY TO HEAD DELEGATION TO DETROIT". The Gazette. Cedar Rapids, Iowa. June 8, 1980. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
  73. ^ "REAGAN: 34 DELEGATES". The Spokesman-Review. Spokane, Washington. June 29, 1980. Retrieved March 23, 2024.
  74. ^ "STATE DELEGATES BACK REAGAN BUT UNDECIDED ON RUNNING MATE". The Daily Sentinel. Grand Junction, Colorado. June 8, 1980. Retrieved March 24, 2024.
  75. ^ "STATES GOP DELEGATES ACHIEVE UNITY WITH REAGAN". The Missoulian. Missoula, Montana. June 9, 1980. Retrieved March 23, 2024.
  76. ^ "IDAHO GOP FAVORS TAX CHANGES". The Idaho sman. Boise, Idaho. June 29, 1980. Retrieved March 23, 2024.
  77. ^ "GOP NOMINATES WRIGHT TO RUN FOR GOVERNOR". The Salt Lake Tribune. Salt Lake City, Utah. June 29, 1980. Retrieved March 23, 2024.
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