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List of Americans who married foreign royalty and nobility

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This list includes United States citizens who married members of foreign noble or royal families, including deposed and formerly aristocratic houses.

Throughout history, particularly in the 19th century, advantageous marriages were made between American heiresses and European aristocrats, especially British peers.[1] These women were often referred to as "Dollar princessess" in the press.[2] There were 454 marriages between Gilded Age and Progressive Era American women and European aristocrats.[1]

American citizens born in the United States

[edit]
Name Title after marriage Birthplace Spouse Country Dates Ref. Image
Elizabeth Patterson Baltimore, Maryland Prince Jérôme Bonaparte[a] France December 24, 1803 – October 1806 (annulled) [3]
Annis Harding Baroness von Eberstein Chocowinity, North Carolina Baron William Henry von Eberstein Germany April 1852 – October 20, 1890 (his death) [4]
Mary Phinney Baroness von Olnhausen Lexington, Massachusetts Baron Gustav Adolph von Olnhausen Germany May 1, 1858 – 1860 (his death) [5]
Antoinette Van Leer Polk Baroness de La Contrie Nashville, Tennessee Athanase Charette, Baron de la Contrie France October 30, 1865 [6]
Catherine Willis Gray Princess Murat Fredericksburg City, Virginia Prince Achille Murat France
Naples
1826 - 1847 (his death)
Franklin Seaver Pratt Boston, Massachusetts Princess Elizabeth Kekaʻaniau Hawaii April 27, 1864 – January 11, 1894 (his death) [7]
Elizabeth Beers-Curtis Marquise de Talleyrand

Duchess de Dino

New York City, New York Charles Maurice Camille de Talleyrand-Périgord, 4th Duke of Dino, 2nd Marquis de Talleyrand France

Naples

1867–1886 (divorce) [8]
Adele Livingston Sampson Marquise de Talleyrand

Duchess de Dino

New York City Charles Maurice Camille de Talleyrand-Périgord, 4th Duke of Dino, 2nd Marquis de Talleyrand France

Naples

1887–1903 (divorce) [8]
Mary Stevens Lady Paget New York City, New York Sir Arthur Henry Fitzroy Paget United Kingdom ​1878–1919 (her death) [1]
Florence Emily Sharon Lady Hesketh Virginia City, Nevada Sir Thomas George Fermor-Hesketh, 7th Baronet United Kingdom 1880 – 1924 (his death) [9]
Jeanette Jerome Lady Randolph Spencer-Churchill New York, New York Lord Randolph Spencer-Churchill United Kingdom 15 April 1874 – 24 January 1895 (his death)
Consuelo Yznaga Duchess of Manchester George Montagu, 8th Duke of Manchester May 22, 1876 – August 18, 1892 (his death) [10]
Frances Lawrance Baroness Vernon George Venables-Vernon, 7th Baron Vernon (1885–1898)
Winnaretta Singer Princess de Scey-Montbéliard

Princess de Polignac

Yonkers, New York Prince Louis de Scey-Montbéliard

Prince Edmond de Polignac

France (1887–1892)

(1893–1901)

Rosalie Van Zandt Princess Ruspoli Bloomingdale, New York Prince Paolo Ruspoli Italy

Vatican City

1888 [11]
Emily Anne Lothrop Baroness von Hoyningen-Huene Baron Barthold Theodor Hermann von Hoyningen-Huene Germany

Russia

[12]
John Owen Dominis Prince consort of Hawaiʻi Schenectady, New York Lili'uokalani Hawaii January 29, 1891 – August 27, 1891 (his death)
Anna Gould Countess of Castellane

Duchess of Sagan

New York City Boni de Castellane, Comte de Castellane

Hélie de Talleyrand-Périgord, Duke of Sagan

France

Poland

March 14, 1895–1906 (divorce)

1908–1937 (his death)

[13]
Consuelo Vanderbilt Duchess of Marlborough New York, New York Charles Spencer-Churchill, 9th Duke of Marlborough United Kingdom November 6, 1895 – 1921 (divorce) [14]
Jane Allen Campbell Princess of San Faustino Montclair, New Jersey Carlo Bourbon del Monte, Prince di San Faustino Italy

Vatican City

June 7, 1897 [15]
Bettina Riddle Baroness von Hutten Erie, Pennsylvania Baron Karl Augustn von Hutten zum Stolzenberg Germany 1897–1909 (divorce) [16]
Alice Heine Duchess of Richelieu

Princess consort of Monaco

New Orleans, Louisiana Armand Chapelle de Jumilhac, 7th Duke of Richelieu

Albert I of Monaco

France

Monaco

1875–1880 (his death)

October 30, 1889 – 26 June 1922 (his death)

[17]
Emma Riley Livermore Baroness de Seillière Newport, Rhode Island Baron Raymond de Seillière France 1891–1892 (his death) [18][19]
Mary Leiter Baroness Curzon of Kedleston Chicago, Illinois George Curzon, Baron Curzon of Kedleston United Kingdom April 22, 1895 – July 18, 1906 (her death) [20][21][22]
Julia Grant Princess Cantacuzène, Countess Speransky Washington, D.C. Prince Mikhail Cantacuzène Russia September 24, 1899 – October 27, 1934 (divorce) [23][24][25]
Helena Zimmerman Duchess of Manchester

Countess of Kintore

Cincinnati, Ohio William Montagu, 9th Duke of Manchester

Arthur Keith-Falconer, 10th Earl of Kintore

United Kingdom 1900–1931 (divorce)

1937–1966 (his death)

Mary Goelet Duchess of Roxburghe New York, New York Henry Innes-Ker, 8th Duke of Roxburghe November 10, 1903 – 29 September 1932 (his death)
Alberta Sturges Countess of Sandwich Chicago, Illinois George Montagu, 9th Earl of Sandwich July 25, 1905 – October 23, 1951 (her death)
Nancy Langhorne Shaw Viscountess Astor Danville, Virginia Waldorf Astor, 2nd Viscount Astor (inherited title after marriage) May 1906 – September 30, 1952 (his death)
Helen Stuyvesant Morton New York City, New York Duchess de Valençay Paul Louis Marie Archambault Boson de Talleyrand-Périgord, Duke de Valençay France 1901–1904 (divorce) [26][27]
Jennie Enfield Berry Bruton Princess Ruspoli Etowah County, Alabama Prince Enrico Ruspoli Italy

Vatican City

March 2, 1901–1909 (his death) [11]
Albert Pierce Taylor St. Louis, Missouri High Chiefess Emma Ahuena Taylor Hawaii November 5, 1902 – January 12, 1931 (his death) [28]
Constance Livermore Countess de Lubersac Count Odom de Lubersac France 1903 [29]
Mary Elsie Moore Princess di Civitella-Cesi Brooklyn, New York Marino Torlonia, 4th Prince of Civitella-Cesi Italy 1907 – 1928 (divorce) [30]
Anita Rhinelander Stewart Princess of Braganza, Duchess of Viseu Elberon, New Jersey Prince Miguel of Braganza, Duke of Viseu Portugal September 15, 1909 [31][32][33][34]
Margaretta Drexel Countess of Winchilsea and Nottingham Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Guy Finch-Hatton, 14th Earl of Winchilsea and 9th Earl of Nottingham United Kingdom June 8, 1910 – February 10, 1939 (his death)
Nevada Stoody Hayes Duchess of Porto Sandyville, Ohio Afonso of Braganza, Infante of Portugal, Duke of Porto Portugal September 26, 1917 [35]
Nonie May Stewart Princess of Greece and Denmark Zanesville, Ohio Prince Christopher of Greece and Denmark Greece and Denmark February 1, 1920  – August 29, 1923 (her death) [36][37][38]
Kay Sage Princess of San Faustino Albany, New York Ranieri Bourbon del Monte Santa Maria, Prince of San Faustino Italy

Vatican City

March 30, 1925 – 1936 (annulment)
Caroline Georgina Fraser Princess Murat Charleston, South Carolina Lucien, Prince Murat, Prince of Pontecorvo France
Naples
Pontecorvo
August 18 1831 - April 10 1878 (his death)
Anne Catherine Tredick Wendell Countess of Carnarvon Portsmouth, New Hampshire Henry Herbert, 6th Earl of Carnarvon United Kingdom July 17, 1922 – 1936 (divorce) [39][40][41]
Anita Lihme Princess de Lobkowicz Chicago, Illinois Prince Edouard Josef de Lobkowicz Austria August 29, 1925 – January 1959 (his death) [42]
Armand Hammer New York City, New York Baroness Olga von Root Russia 1927–1943 (divorce) [43]
Aimée Freeland Ellis Baroness von Hoyningen-Huene Hartford, Connecticut Baron Heinrich von Hoyningen-Huene Germany

Russia

1928 – 1941 (his death)
Barbara Hutton Madame Mdivani

Countess von Haugwitz-Reventlow

Princess Trubetskoy

Baroness von Cramm

Princess Doan

New York City, New York Alexis Mdivani

Count Kurt von Haugwitz-Reventlow

Prince Igor Troubetzkoy

Baron Gottfried von Cramm

Prince Pierre Doan

Georgia

Germany

Russia

Germany

Laos

1933–1935 (divorce)

1935–1938 (divorce)

1947–1951 (divorce)

1955–1959 divorce)

1964–1966 (divorce)

[44]
Eugene Bowie Roberts Bowie, Maryland Countess Cornelia "Gilia" Széchényi de Sárvár-Felsövidék Hungary 1933–1958 [45]
Alexandra Dalziel Lady Kinloch Sir Alexander Davenport Kinloch, 12th Baronet United Kingdom September 10, 1929 [46]
Wallis Simpson Duchess of Windsor Blue Ridge Summit, Pennsylvania Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor United Kingdom June 3, 1937 – May 28, 1972 (his death) [47][48][49]
Frank Shields New York City, New York Princess Marina Torlonia di Civitella-Cesi Italy 1940–1950 (divorce) [50]
Genia Pauline Hindes Baroness Haden-Guest New York City, New York Peter Haden-Guest, 4th Baron Haden-Guest United Kingdom 1945 – 1996 (his death)
Aline Griffith Countess of Romanones Pearl River, New York Luis Figueroa y Pérez de Guzmán el Bueno, 9th Count of Quintanilla, 3rd Count of Romanones Spain 1947 – 1987 (his death) [51]
Frances Lovell Oldham Lady of Invercauld Seattle, Washington Alwyne Arthur Compton Farquharson, Laird of Invercauld and Monaltrie, 16th Chief of Clan Farquharson Scotland 1949 – 1991 (her death) [52]
Rita Hayworth Princess Aly Khan Brooklyn, New York Prince Aly Khan Pakistan May 27, 1949 – January 1953 [47][48][53]
Jean Wallop Countess of Carnarvon Big Horn, Wyoming Henry Herbert, 7th Earl of Carnarvon United Kingdom January 7, 1956 – September 11, 2001 (his death) [54]
Grace Kelly Princess consort of Monaco Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Rainier III, Prince of Monaco Monaco April 18, 1956 – September 14, 1982 (her death) [47][48][55][56]
Genevieve Bothin Lyman Casey Princess of San Faustino San Francisco, California Ranieri Bourbon del Monte, Prince of San Faustino Italy

Vatican City

1958–1977 (his death)
Caroline Lee Bouvier Princess Radziwiłł Southampton, New York Prince Stanisław Albrecht Radziwiłł Poland March 19, 1959 – 1974 (divorce) [47][48][49]
John E. Francis Baroness Bigna Antoinette von Wyttenbach Switzerland July 25, 1959
Howard Oxenberg New York City, New York Princess Elizabeth of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia January 21, 1961 – 1966 (divorce) [57][58]
Mary Raye Gross Lady Keith of Castleacre Salinas, California Kenneth Keith, Baron Keith of Castleacre United Kingdom 1962–1972 (separated)
Norman Mailer Long Branch, New Jersey Lady Jeanne Campbell United Kingdom 1962 – 1963 (divorce)
Hope Cooke Queen of Sikkim San Francisco, California King Palden Thondup Namgyal Kingdom of Sikkim March 20, 1963 – 1980 (divorce) [47][59][60]
Stephen Breyer The Hon. Joanna Hare[61] United Kingdom 1967 – present [62]
Peter Ladd Jensen Princess Ubol Ratana Thailand 1972–1998 (divorce)
Lisa Halaby Queen of Jordan Princeton, New Jersey Hussein of Jordan Jordan June 15, 1978 – February 7, 1999 (his death) [47][48][49]
Christia Ipsen Princess Romanov

Baroness Ampthill

Rockford, Illinois Prince Rostislav Rostislavovich Romanov

David Russell, 5th Baron Ampthill

Russia

United Kingdom

August 16, 1980 – January 7, 1999 (his death)

July 6, 2002 – present

Jamie Lee Curtis Baroness Haden-Guest Santa Monica, California Christopher Guest, 5th Baron Haden-Guest (inherited title after marriage) United Kingdom 1984 – present
Monica Ann Ford Baroness von Neumann Detroit, Michigan Baron John von Neumann von Héthárs Hungary 1985–2003 (his death)
Inez Storer Princess Romanoff Santa Monica, California Prince Andrew Romanoff Russia 1987 – 2021 (his death) [63]
Lisa Davi Cik Puan Nur Lisa Idris Abdullah San Francisco, California Sharafuddin of Selangor Malaysia 1988–1997 (divorce) [64]
Christopher M. Jeffries Princess Yasmin Aga Khan Pakistan 1989–1993 (divorce)
William Lord Brookfield United States The Hon. Dame Hannah Rothschild United Kingdom March 7, 1994 – 2000 (divorce) [65]
Alexandra Miller Princess of Fürstenberg New York City, New York Prince Alexander von Fürstenberg Germany October 28, 1995 – 2002 (divorce) [47][49][59]
Luann Nadeau Countess de Lesseps Berlin, Connecticut Alexandre, comte de Lesseps France 1993–2009 (divorce) [66]
Deena Aljuhani Princess of Saudi Arabia California, United States Prince Sultan bin Fahad bin Nasser bin Abdulaziz Saudi Arabia 1998–present [67]
Carole DiFalco Princess Radziwiłł Suffern, New York Prince Anthony Radziwiłł Poland August 27, 1994 – August 10, 1999 (his death) [68]
Sarah Butler Princess of Jordan Houston, Texas Prince Zeid Raad Al Hussein Jordan July 5, 2000–present [47]
Lynn Forester Lady de Rothschild Oradell, New Jersey Sir Evelyn de Rothschild United Kingdom November 30, 2000 – November 7, 2022 (his death) [69]
Russell Steinberg New York City, New York Princess Tatiana von Fürstenberg Germany 2002–2014 (divorce) [70]
Olivia Wilde Princess Ruspoli New York City, New York Prince Tao Ruspoli Italy

Vatican City

June 7, 2003 – September 29, 2011 (divorce) [71]
Aileen Getty Princess Ruspoli Prince Bartolomeo Ruspoli Italy

Vatican City

2004–present
Julie Jean Fisher Countess of Sandwich Sugar Grove, Illinois Luke Montagu, 12th Earl of Sandwich United Kingdom 2004–present [72]
Allison Joy Langer Countess of Devon Columbus, Ohio Charles Courtenay, 19th Earl of Devon United Kingdom 2004–present [73]
Keisha Bolden Oloori of Ipetu-Ijesha Inglewood, California Omoba Adekunle Adebayo Omilana Nigeria January 28, 2006–present [74]
Kelly Rondestvedt Princess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duchess of Saxony Pensacola, Florida Hubertus, Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony Germany May 21, 2009–present [47][49][59]
Rita Jenrette Princess Ludovisi di Piombino San Antonio, Texas Prince Nicolò Boncompagni Ludovisi di Piombino Italy May 27, 2009–2018 (his death) [2]
LeOntra Breeden Countess von Habsburg-Lothringen New York City, New York Count Franz Ferdinand von Habsburg-Lothringen Austria May 18, 2013–present [75]
Charles DeAndre Richardson Albany, New York Prince Manvendra Singh Gohil India July 2013–present [76]
Kendra Spears Princess Salwa Aga Khan Seattle, Washington Prince Rahim Aga Khan Pakistan August 31, 2013 – February 2022 (divorce) [47][48][49]
Nicky Hilton New York City, New York James Amschel Victor Rothschild United Kingdom July 10, 2015 – present [77]
Alejandro Santo Domingo New York City, New York Lady Charlotte Wellesley United Kingdom

Belgium

Spain

The Netherlands

Portugal

May 28, 2016 – present [78]
Rishi Roop Singh Princess Maria Galitzine Russia February 10, 2017 – May 4, 2020 (her death) [79]
Guillermo Sierra y Uribe Princess Tatiana Galitzine Russia April 29, 2017–present [80]
Jessica Chastain Countess Passi de Preposulo Sacramento, California Count Gian Luca Passi de Preposulo Italy June 10, 2017 – present [81]
Ariana Austin Princess of Ethiopia Washington, D.C. Prince Joel Dawit Makonnen Ethiopia September 9, 2017–present [49][71]
Veronica Gail Worth Princess Abigail Kinoiki Kekaulike Kawānanakoa Hawaii October 1, 2017 – December 11, 2022 (her death) [82]
Meghan Markle Duchess of Sussex

Countess of Dumbarton

Baroness Kilkeel

Los Angeles, California Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex United Kingdom May 19, 2018–present [48][49][83]
Barron Nicholas Hilton II New York City, New York Countess Tessa von Walderdorff Germany June 1, 2018–present [84]
Alana Camille Bunte Princess of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn Laguna Beach, California Prince Casimir Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn Germany 2019–present [85]
Remy W. Trafelet Lady Melissa Percy United Kingdom December 19, 2019–present [86]
Elisa Garafano Prince Vacharaesorn Vivacharawongse Thailand 2020s (divorced)
Jason Wolf The Hon. Annie Haden-Guest United Kingdom 2020 – present [87]
Ali Parker Kay Princess of Fürstenberg Miami, Florida Prince Alexander von Fürstenberg Germany September 19, 2020 – present
Kei Komuro United States Princess Mako of Akishino Japan October 26, 2021 – present
Kynthia The Hon. Kynthia Haden-Guest The Hon. Ruby Haden-Guest United Kingdom May 2022–present [88]
Durek Verrett Sacramento, California Princess Märtha Louise of Norway Norway August 31, 2024 – present [89]
Matthew Jeremiah Kumar California, United States Princess Theodora of Greece and Denmark Greece and Denmark September 28, 2024 – present [90]

American citizens born outside the United States

[edit]

There are also individuals who were born outside the United States but maintain US citizenship through an American parent:

Name Title after marriage Birthplace Spouse Country Dates Ref. Image
Leonie Jerome Lady Leslie France[b] Sir John Leslie, 2nd Baronet United Kingdom
Ireland
1884–1943 (her death)
Gladys Deacon Duchess of Marlborough Paris, France [c] Charles Spencer-Churchill, 9th Duke of Marlborough United Kingdom 1921–1934 [92][93]
Louise Hollingsworth Morris Clews Duchess of Argyll Paris, France[d] Ian Campbell, 11th Duke of Argyll United Kingdom 1935–1951 (divorce) [94]
Mathilda Coster Mortimer Duchess of Argyll Geneva, Switzerland[e] Ian Campbell, 11th Duke of Argyll United Kingdom 1963–1973, his death
Marie-Chantal Miller Crown Princess of Greece, Princess of Denmark London, England [f] Pavlos, Crown Prince of Greece Greece and Denmark July 1, 1995–present [47][49][59][95]
Christopher O'Neill Refused any title, but accepted to become a Commander of the Royal Order of the Polar Star (KNO) London, England [g] Princess Madeleine, Duchess of Hälsingland and Gästrikland Sweden June 8, 2013–present [49][71][96]

Americans with foreign titles who married other foreign aristocrats

[edit]
Name Title after marriage Birthplace Spouse Country Dates Ref. Image
Baroness Elizabeth von Hoyningen-Huene Baroness von Wrangel Detroit, Michigan Baron Nikolai Alexandrovitch von Wrangel Germany

Russia

Genevieve Garvan, Duchess of the Holy Roman Church Hartford, Connecticut Nicholas Frederic Brady, Duke of the Holy Roman Church Vatican City August 11, 1906 – March 27, 1930 (his death) [97]
Nicholas Frederic Brady, Duke of the Holy Roman Church Albany, New York Genevieve Garvan, Duchess of the Holy Roman Church Vatican City August 11, 1906 – March 27, 1930 (his death) [97]
The Hon. Anne Bowes-Lyon Viscountess Anson

Princess of Denmark

Washington, D.C. Thomas Anson, Viscount Anson

Prince Georg of Denmark

United Kingdom

Denmark

April 28, 1938–1948 (divorce)

September 16, 1950–September 26, 1980 (her death)

[98][99]
Princess Nora zu Oettingen-Spielberg Lady Max Percy West Palm Beach, Florida Lord Max Percy United Kingdom July 15, 2017–present [100]

American spouses of Americans who acquired foreign noble titles

[edit]
Name Title after marriage Birthplace Spouse Country Dates Ref. Image
Lucien B. Price Katherine E. Price, Countess of the Holy Roman Church Vatican City
Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. Boston, Massachusetts Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy, Countess of the Holy Roman Church Vatican City October 7, 1914 – November 18, 1969 (his death)
Yula Webster Alabama Faustin E. Wirkus, King of La Gonâve Haiti 1937–1945 (his death)

Naturalized Americans who married foreign nobility

[edit]
Name Title after marriage Birthplace Spouse Country Dates Ref. Image
Magda Gabor Countess de Bychowsky Budapest, Hungary[h] Count Jan Bychowski Poland November 19, 1937 – May 22, 1944 (his death)
Klára Dán Madame von Neumann Budapest, Hungary[i] John von Neumann Hungary 1938 – 1957 (his death) [101]
Jolie Gabor Countess de Szigethy Budapest, Austria-Hungary[j] Count Odon Szigethy Hungary March 3, 1957 – September 30, 1989 (his death) [102]
Diane Simone Michele Halfin Princess of Fürstenberg Brussels, Belgium[k] Prince Egon von Fürstenberg Germany 1969–1983 (divorce) [103]
Zsa Zsa Gabor Princess of Anhalt Budapest, Hungary[l] Prince Frédéric von Anhalt[m] Germany 1986–2016 (her death) [104]
Jessica Watson Oolori Oyelowo of Awe Ipswich, England[n] Omoba David Oyetokunbo Oyelowo of Awe Nigeria 1998–present

Americans who married untitled members of royal or noble houses

[edit]
Name Title after marriage Birthplace Spouse House Dates Ref. Image
Susan May Williams Baltimore, Maryland Jérôme Napoléon Bonaparte Bonaparte November 1829 – June 17, 1870 (his death)
Caroline Le Roy Appleton Boston, Massachusetts Jerome Napoleon Bonaparte II Bonaparte September 10, 1871 – September 3, 1893 (his death) [105]
Ellen Channing Day Hartford, Connecticut Charles Joseph Bonaparte Bonaparte 1875 – 1921 (his death) [106]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Made a Prince of the Empire after his marriage was annulled, already a member of the nobility
  2. ^ Born in France to American parents Leonard Jerome and Clarissa Hall[91]
  3. ^ Though born in Paris, Gladys Marie Deacon was the daughter of American citizens Edward Parker Deacon and his wife Florence Baldwin.
  4. ^ Though born in France, was the daughter of American parents Henry Clews Jr. and Louise Morris.
  5. ^ Though born in Switzerland, was the daughter of American parents Stanley Mortimer and Mathilda Coster.
  6. ^ Though born in London, Marie-Chantal Miller is the daughter of American-born British businessman Robert Warren Miller and his Ecuadorian wife María Clara "Chantal" Pesantes Becerra.
  7. ^ Though born in London, Christopher O'Neill is the son of American investment banker Paul O'Neill and his wife Eva Walter O'Neill.
  8. ^ She was born a Hungarian citizen and later acquired American citizenship
  9. ^ She was born a Hungarian citizen and later acquired American citizenship
  10. ^ She was born a Hungarian citizen and later acquired American citizenship
  11. ^ She was born a Belgian citizen and later acquired American citizenship
  12. ^ She was born a Hungarian citizen and later acquired American citizenship
  13. ^ Frédéric was born a commoner but paid to be adopted by Princess Marie-Auguste of Anhalt
  14. ^ She was born a British citizen and later acquired American citizenship

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Saelee, Mike. "Research Guides: Dollar Princesses: Topics in Chronicling America: Introduction". guides.loc.gov. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  2. ^ a b Horowitz, Jason (March 5, 2022). "A Princess from Texas Stakes Her Claim to Italian Nobility (The Saturday Profile: Rita Boncompagni Ludovisi)". The New York Times. Vol. 121, no. 59353. pp. A4. Retrieved March 5, 2022.
  3. ^ Macartney, Clarence E. N, and John G. Dorrance. The Bonapartes in America. Archived February 27, 2024, at the Wayback Machine Philadelphia: Dorrance and Co, 1939.
  4. ^ "William Henry von Eberstein Papers". ECU Libraries. Greenville, North Carolina: East Carolina University. Retrieved May 27, 2025.
  5. ^ "Adventures of an army nurse in two wars; ed. from the diary and ... Olnhausen, Mary Phinney von, 1818-1902". Retrieved February 7, 2016.
  6. ^ "Charette Affiliate Family". Van Leer Family Archives & History.
  7. ^ Hawaiʻi State Archives (2006). "Pratt marriage record". Marriages – Oahu (1832–1910). Retrieved June 5, 2014 – via Ulukau, the Hawaiian Electronic Library.
  8. ^ a b https://www.nytimes.com/1917/01/06/archives/obituary-1-no-title.html
  9. ^ https://www.newspapers.com/article/reno-gazette-journal-lady-flora-sharon-f/49274104/
  10. ^ "Lord Mandeville's Wedding". The New York Times. p. 8. Retrieved November 30, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  11. ^ a b https://www.nytimes.com/1901/03/03/archives/don-enrico-ruspoli-weds-is-married-in-washington-to-mrs-bruton-of.html
  12. ^ "Detroit Baroness is Paris Style Master". Idaho Statesman. Paris. AP. March 4, 1927. p. 4. Retrieved July 10, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  13. ^ "Died". Time magazine. December 8, 1961. Archived from the original on February 4, 2011. Retrieved July 21, 2007.
  14. ^ Stuart, Amanda Mackenzie (2005). Consuelo and Alva Vanderbilt: The Story of a Daughter and Mother in the Gilded Age. Harper Perennial. pp. 146–147, 212–213. ISBN 978-0-06-093825-3.
  15. ^ https://www.nytimes.com/1938/06/24/archives/american-princess-of-san-faustino-75-former-jane-allen-campbell-of.html
  16. ^ "Travel Split Von Huttens". The New York Times. May 23, 1909. p. C1. Retrieved January 3, 2024 – via Proquest.com.
  17. ^ "Alice Heine". 64 Parishes.
  18. ^ https://www.nytimes.com/1892/08/27/archives/baron-roger-de-seilliere-dead-a-deafanddumb-nobleman-who-had.html
  19. ^ https://www.nytimes.com/1928/01/16/archives/baroness-r-seilliere-former-mrs-charles-f-livermore-of-new-york.html
  20. ^ Thomas, Denis (1977). "Cobbold's Diary". The Listener. Vol. 98. British Broadcasting Corporation.
  21. ^ Marian Fowler (1987). Below the Peacock Fan: First Ladies of the Raj. Viking Press. ISBN 978-0-670-80748-2. OL 3236422W. Wikidata Q126672688.
  22. ^ "Maximilian Genealogy Master Database, Mary Victoria Leiter, 2000". Archived from the original on March 6, 2008. Retrieved June 12, 2015 – via peterwestern.f9.co.uk.
  23. ^ "An American Princess: Public Wedding of Miss Julia Grant and Prince Cantacuzene". The New York Times. September 26, 1899. p. 6.
  24. ^ "Julia Dent Grant, Princess Cantacuzène". The New York Times. September 23, 1899. Archived from the original on November 7, 2012. Retrieved March 23, 2009.
  25. ^ "Grant's Kin Divorces Prince Cantacuzène". The New York Times. October 28, 1934. Archived from the original on July 23, 2018. Retrieved March 23, 2009.
  26. ^ https://www.nytimes.com/1901/08/29/archives/miss-helen-morton-to-wed-count-de-perigord-engagement-rumored-last.html
  27. ^ https://www.nytimes.com/1904/07/01/archives/gets-divorce-from-valencay-levi-p-mortons-daughter-obtains-decree.html
  28. ^ Nellist, George F., ed. (1925). "Albert Pierce Taylor, Journalist and Author". The Story of Hawaii and Its Builders. Honolulu: Honolulu Star Bulletin.
  29. ^ https://www.newspapers.com/article/bisbee-daily-review-constance-livermore/3692334/?locale=en-US
  30. ^ "Ex-Queen Absent as Infanta Becomes Bride to Torlonia". Newspapers.com. Times Union. January 14, 1935. p. 5. Retrieved December 30, 2020. The Dollar Duchess
  31. ^ "Anita Stewart Will Wed Prince Miguel; Daughter of Mrs. James Henry Smith to Marry Son of Portuguese Pretender. Grandfather Was King Father of Bride-to-be William Rhinelander Stewart -- First Marriage to Bring American Into Royal Circle". The New York Times. July 10, 1909. Retrieved September 27, 2017.
  32. ^ "ANITA STEWART WEDS SOON.; Will Become Prince Miguel's Bride in Scotland Sept. 15". The New York Times. August 20, 1909. Retrieved September 27, 2017.
  33. ^ "MISS STEWART WEDS TO-DAY.; American Girl Will Be the Bride of Prince Miguel of Braganza". The New York Times. September 15, 1909. Retrieved September 27, 2017.
  34. ^ "Miss Stewart Weds; Holds to Her faith; Becomes Bride of Prince Miguel, but Has Not Entered the Catholic Church. Prince Retains Rights Has Not Yielded His Place in Line of Succession to the Throne -- Royalty at the Wedding". The New York Times. September 16, 1909. Retrieved September 27, 2017.
  35. ^ Perea, Alicia (2011). Braganza brooch (in Spanish). CSIC. p. 26. ISBN 978-84-96813-56-4. Retrieved November 23, 2022.
  36. ^ Huberty, Michel; Giraud, Alain; Magdelaine, F. et B. (1994). L'Allemagne Dynastique, Tome VII: Oldenbourg (in French). France: Laballery. pp. 287, 295, 303–305, 318. ISBN 2-901138-07-1.
  37. ^ Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Furstliche Hauser, Band XIX (in German). Limburg an der Lahn, Germany: C.A. Starke Verlag. 2011. pp. 15, 19. ISBN 978-3-7980-0849-6.
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