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List of rulers of Lan Na

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For Family tree, see Family tree of Lanna dynasties.
King of Lanna
Seal of Lanna Kingdom
Longest reign
Tilokkarat
1441–1487
Details
StyleHis Majesty
First monarchMangrai
Last monarchMekuti
Formation1292
Abolition1775

This article lists the lord ruler of Lan Na from the foundation of the Ngoenyang in 638 until the end of Kingdom of Chiang Mai under Siamese administration in 1939.

Kings of Ngoenyang (638–1292)

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See also: Ngoenyang
  1. Lawachangkarat or Lao Chong (The royal court at Hiran, formerly Vieng Prueksa [th])
  2. Lao Kao Kaeo Ma Mueang
  3. Lao Sao
  4. Lao Tang or Lao Phang
  5. Lao Klom or Lao Luang
  6. Lao Leo
  7. Lao Kap
  8. Lao Khim or Lao Kin
  9. Lao Khiang (The royal court was moved from Hiran to Ngoenyang)
  10. Lao Khiu
  11. Lao Thoeng or Lao Ting
  12. Lao Tueng or Lao Toeng
  13. Lao Khon
  14. Lao Som
  15. Lao Kuak or Lao Phuak
  16. Lao Kiu or Lao Kwin
  17. Lao Chong
  18. Chom Pha Rueang
  19. Lao Chueang or Phaya Chueang or Khun Chuang
  20. Lao Ngoen Rueang
  21. Lao Chuen or Lao Sin
  22. Lao Ming
  23. Lao Mueang or Lao Moeng
  24. Lao Meng
  25. Mangrai the Great, 1261–1292 (The first king of Mangrai dynasty in Chiang Mai)

Kings of Lanna (1292–1775)

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Mangrai dynasty (1292–1558)

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See also: Lan Na
Image Name Reign From Reign Until Notes
Mangrai the Great[1][2]
(ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᨾᩢ᩠ᨦᩁᩣ᩠ᨿ) 		1292 1311 Son of Lao Meng, King of Ngoenyang[3][4]
Chaiyasongkhram
(ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᨩᩱ᩠ᨿᩈᩫ᩠ᨦᨣᩕᩣ᩠ᨾ) 		1311 1325 Son of Mangrai the Great[1][2][5]
Saenphu
(ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᩈᩯ᩠ᨶᨻᩪ) 		1325 1334 Son of Chaiyasongkhram[1][2][5]
Khamfu
(ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᨤᩣᩴᨼᩪ) 		1334 1336 Son of Saenphu[1][5]
Phayu
(ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᨹᩣᨿᩪ) 		1336 1355 Son of Khamfu[1][5]
Kue Na
(ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᨠᩨᨶᩣ) 		1355 1385[6] Son of Phayu[1][5]
Saenmueangma
(ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᩈᩯ᩠ᨶᨾᩮᩬᩥᨦᨾᩣ) 		1386 1401 Son of Kue Na[1][5]
Samfangkaen
(ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᩈᩣ᩠ᨾᨷᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᨺᩢ᩠᩵ᨦᨠᩯ᩠ᨶ) 		1401 1441 Son of Saenmueangma[1][5]
Tilokaraj
(ᨻᩕᨸᩮ᩠ᨶᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨲᩥᩃᩮᩣᨠᩁᩣᨩ) 		1441 1487 Son of Samfangkaen[1][5]
Yotchiangrai
(ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᨿᩬᨯᨩ᩠ᨿᨦᩁᩣ᩠ᨿ) 		1487 1495 Son of Tilokaraj[1][5]
Kaeo
(ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᨠᩯ᩠᩶ᩅ) 		1495 1525 Grandson of Yotchiangrai[1][5]
Ket
(ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᨠᩮ᩠ᩆᨩᩮᩇᩛᩁᩣᨩ) 		1525 1538 1st Reign; Son of Kaeo[1]
Saikham
(ᨴ᩶ᩣ᩠ᩅᨪᩣ᩠ᨿᨤᩴᩣ) 		1538 1543 Son of Ket and Chiraprapha[1]
Ket
(ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᨠᩮ᩠ᩆᨩᩮᩇᩛᩁᩣᨩ) 		1543 1546 2nd Reign; Son of Kaeo[1]
Chiraprapha
(ᨻᩕᨸᩮ᩠ᨶᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨧᩥᩁᨷᩕᨽᩣᨴᩮᩅᩦ) 		1545 1546[7] Wife of Ket[1]; It is assumed that she may have Shan[8] or Ayutthaya ancestry[9].
Setthathirath
(ᨻᩕᨸᩮ᩠ᨶᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᩏᨷᨿᩮᩣᩅᩁᩣᨩ) 		1546 1547 Son of Photisarath and Yotkhamthip[1][10]; Come from Lan Xang's dynasty[11].
Interregnum, 1547–1551[1]
Mekuti
(ᨻᩕᨸᩮ᩠ᨶᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨾᩯ᩵ᨠᩩ) 		1551 1558 Saopha of Mong Nai descended from Khruea, Son of Mangrai[1][12]

Chiang Mai under Burmese rule for the 1st time (1558–1596)

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Mangrai dynasty (1558–1578)

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See also: Lan Na § Burmese rule

Bayinnaung marched his forces upon Chiang Mai. Facing overwhelming odds, Mekuti chose to surrender. The siege and capture of Chiang Mai were swift, lasting a mere three days. Despite this conquest, Bayinnaung initially allowed Mekuti to remain as King of Chiang Mai. This arrangement continued until the passing of Wisutthithewi. Following her death, Bayinnaung appointed his own son, Nawrahta Minsaw, as the new King of Chiang Mai, effectively bringing the Mangrai Dynasty to an end.[1]

Image Name Reign From Reign Until Notes
Mekuti
(ᨻᩕᨸᩮ᩠ᨶᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨾᩯ᩵ᨠᩩ) 		1558 1564 Surrendered to Bayinnaung[1][12]
Wisutthithewi
(ᩈᩫ᩠ᨾᩈᩮ᩠ᨫᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᩁᩣᨩᩅᩥᩆᩩᨴ᩠ᨵ) 		1564 1578 Mother of Mekuti[1][13]

Toungoo Dynasty (1578–1596)

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Image Name Reign From Reign Until Notes
Nawrahta Minsaw
(နော်ရထာ မင်းစော) 		1578 1596 – Son of Bayinnaung[1][13]

Chiang Mai under Ayutthayan Suzerainty (1596–1615)

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Naresuan led an army to attack Lan Na in 1584. Nawrahta Minsaw could not resist, so he surrendered, and Lan Na became a vassal state in 1596.[1]

Toungoo Dynasty (1596–1615)

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Image Name Reign From Reign Until Notes
Nawrahta Minsaw
(နော်ရထာ မင်းစော) 		1596 1607 Son of Bayinnaung[1][13]
Thado Kyaw
(သတိုးကျော်) 		1607 1608 1st Reign; Son of Nawrahta Minsaw[1][13]
Minye Deibba 1608 1613 Son of Nawrahta Minsaw; Older brother of Thado Kyaw[1]
Thado Kyaw
(သတိုးကျော်) 		1613 1615 2nd; Son of Nawrahta Minsaw[1][13]

Chiang Mai under Burmese rule for the 2nd time (1615–1623)

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Anaukpetlun marched his forces to capture Chiang Mai[14]. Thado Kyaw, the ruler of Chiang Mai at that time, was captured and was executed.[15] Consequently, Chiang Mai once again fell under Burmese dominion. Subsequently, Chao Phol Suek Sai Chai Songkhram, the former ruler of Nan, was installed as the new ruler of Chiang Mai.

Image Name Reign From Reign Until Notes
Phol Suek Sai Chai Songkhram 1615 1628 Adopted son of Nawrahta Minsaw[1]

Chiang Mai's brief independence (1628–1631)

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Anaukpetlun was assassinated, plunging the kingdom into a turbulent succession crisis. Taking advantage of this instability, Chao Phol Suek Sai Chai Songkhram, the ruler of Chiang Mai, seized the opportunity to reclaim Lanna's sovereignty, proclaiming its independence from Burmese rule[16].

Image Name Reign From Reign Until Notes
Phol Suek Sai Chai Songkhram 1628 1631 Adopted son of Nawrahta Minsaw[1]

Chiang Mai under Burmese rule for the 3rd time (1631–1727)

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Following the assassination of Anaukpetlun and Chiang Mai’s subsequent declaration of independence, Thalun ascended to the Burmese throne. The following year, the Burmese army launched another invasion of Chiang Mai. Phol Suek Sai Chai Songkhram was captured to Hanthawaddy (Pegu)[16]. Subsequently, Chao Fa Luang Thipphanet was installed as the new ruler of Chiang Mai[1][17], marking the end of city's brief period of independence. However, this part of the Chiang Mai Chronicle[1] contradicts the evidence from Burmese[18], Ayutthaya[19], and Chiang Saen[20] sources. This has led to debate over whether the records from this period might contain translation errors from the Chiang Saen Chronicle or other sources[21].

Image Name Reign From Reign Until Notes
Thipphanet 1631 1655 Chao Fa of Chiang Saen[20]; contradicts with Chiang Saen Chronicle.
Saenmueang 1655 1659 Chao Fa of Chiang Saen[20]; contradicts with Chiang Saen Chronicle.
the Ruler of Phrae 1659 1672 It might have been distorted from the records of Pye Min, whose original title was Lord of Prome[21][22].
Uengsae 1672 1675 It might have been distorted from the records of Narawara of Burma[21][22].
Cheputarai 1675 1707 It might have been distorted from the records of Minye Kyawhtin, Son of Minye Aungdin, Prince of Siputtara[21][22].
Nga Ngo 1707 1727 He might be the same person as Minyènawrahta[22].

Chiang Mai as an Independent City-State (1727–1763)

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In 1727, Thepsingha assembled a group of followers and launched a surprise nighttime raid on Chiang Mai[1]. He killed Nga Ngo, the reigning ruler of Chiang Mai, and subsequently seized power, proclaiming himself the new king.

Image Name Reign From Reign Until Notes
Thepsingha 1727 1727 A commoner seizing the throne[1].
Ong Kham 1727 1759 The 2nd king of Luang Phrabang[23];

He took control of Chiang Mai after collaborating with the Burmese to drive out Thepsingha[1].

Ong Chan 1759 1761 Son of Ong Kham; Took control of Chiang Mai after his father died and declared that Chiang Mai would not be under Luang Prabang rule[1].
Khihut 1761 1763 Former monk at Wat Duang Dee. He disrobed and became the ruler of the city in place of Chao Pat after Chao Pat seized power from Ong Chan but was unable to rule[1].

Chiang Mai under Burmese rule for the 4th time (1763–1774)

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In the year 1763, the Burmese forces, under the command of Po Apai Kamini, launched a major offensive, deploying nine divisions to conquer Chiang Mai and Lamphun. Following their successful campaign, the Burmese army forcibly deported a significant number of the Ong Kham family members and the local population of Chiang Mai to Ava[1]. Po Apai Kamini subsequently established a military presence in Chiang Mai to secure Burmese control over the region.

Image Name Reign From Reign Until Notes
Po Apai Kamini
(အဘယဂါမဏိ) 		1727 1768 Governor from Burma[1]
Po Mayu-nguan
(ဗိုလ်မြို့ဝန်) 		1768 1774 Governor from Burma[1]

Lanna states under Siamese tributary (1775–1899)

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Rulers of Chiang Mai (1775–1939)

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See also: Kingdom of Chiang Mai

After the successful campaign to reclaim Lanna's independence, spearheaded by Kawila, formerly the ruler of Lampang and a scion of Thipchang, the progenitor of the Thipchak dynasty, and aided by his seven brothers, and with the military backing of Taksin, Lanna was integrated into the Thonburi kingdom as a vassal state.

No. Portrait Name Birth Reign from Reign until Death Notes
Thonburi royal court
1 Phraya Chaban (Bunma) Unknown 1775 1782 Unknown
  • Governor appointed by Taksin
Chet Ton dynasty
1 Kawila 31 October 1742 December 1802 1816 1816
  • Grandson of the ruler of Thipchang; appointed ruler of Chiang Mai by Rama I
  • Former ruler of Lampang
2 Thammalangka 1746 1816 4 May 1822 4 May 1822
3 Khamfan 1756 1823 1825 1825
  • Former ruler of Lamphun
4 Phutthawong Unknown 1826 June 1846 June 1846
5 Mahotaraprathet Unknown 1847 14 November 1854 14 November 1854
6 Kawilorot Suriyawong 1799 1856 29 June 1870 29 June 1870
7 Inthawichayanon 1817 1870 23 November 1897 23 November 1897
  • Ruled over Chiang Mai when Chulalongkorn introduced the monthon system
8 Intavaroros Suriyavongse 6 May 1859 28 November 1901 5 January 1910 5 January 1910
  • Ruled over Chiang Mai when it was annexed by Siam
9 Kaew Nawarat 29 September 1862 23 January 1910 3 June 1939 3 June 1939
  • Never held any authority
Title dissolved

Rulers of Lampang (1732–1925)

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No. Portrait Name Birth Reign from Reign until Death Notes
Chet Ton dynasty
1 Phraya Thipphachak 1675 1732 1759 1759
  • Founder of the Chet Ton dynasty
2 Chaikaeo Unknown 1759 1774 Unknown
3 Kawila 1742 1774 1782 1816
  • Later ruled over Chiang Mai in 1802
4 Khamsom Unknown 1782 1794 Unknown
5 Duangthip Unknown 1794 1825 Unknown
6 Chaiwong or Jayavansa Unknown 1825 1838 Unknown
7 Khattiya Unknown 1838 Unknown
8 Noi Unknown 1838 1848 Unknown
  • Former ruler of Lamphun
9 Worayannarangsi or Varayanaransi Unknown 1848 1873 Unknown
10 Phrommaphiwong or Brahmabhivansa Unknown 1873 1887 Unknown
11 Suriya Changwang or Surya Changwang Unknown 1887 Unknown
12 Noranan Chaichawalit or Narananda Jayajavalit Unknown 1887 1897 Unknown
13 Bunyawat Wongmanit or Bunyavadya Vansamanit Unknown 1897 1922 Unknown
  • Ruled over Lampang when it was annexed by Siam
14 Ratchabut Unknown 1922 1925 Unknown
  • Never held any authority
Title dissolved

Rulers of Lamphun (1805–1943)

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No. Portrait Name Birth Reign from Reign until Death Notes
Chet Ton dynasty
1 Khamfan 1756 1805 1815 1825
  • Later ruled over Chiang Mai in 1823
2 Bunmamueang Unknown 1815 1827 Unknown
3 Noi Unknown 1827 1837 Unknown
  • Later ruled over Lampang in 1838
4 Khamtan Unknown 1838 1841 Unknown
5 Thammalangka or Dharmalanka Unknown 1841 1843 Unknown
6 Chailangkaphisan Sophakkhun Unknown 1848 1871 Unknown
7 Daradirekratphairot Unknown 1871 1888 Unknown
8 Hemphinphaichit Unknown 1888 1895 Unknown
9 Inthayongyotchot Unknown 1895 1911 Unknown
  • Ruled over Lamphun when it was annexed by Siam
10 Chakkham Khachonsak Unknown 1911 1943 Unknown
  • Never held any authority
Title dissolved

See also

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Sources

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  • Collage
  • Penth, Hans (2004). Brief History of Lan Na, A: Northern Thailand from Past to Present. p. 212. ISBN 9789747551327.
  • อ๋องสกุล, สรัสวดี (2023). ประวัติศาสตร์ล้านนา (13th ed.). อมรินทร์. p. 524.

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am Penth, Hans (1995). The Chiang Mai Chronicle.
  2. ^ a b c (1370). Wat Phra Yuen Inscription.
  3. ^ Falkus, Malcolm; Wyatt, David K. "Thailand: A Short History". The Economic History Review. 39 (2): 328. doi:10.2307/2596187. ISSN 0013-0117.
  4. ^ Penth, Hans (1996). ตำนานพื้นเมืองเชียงใหม่ (ใบลาน).
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Ratanapannya Thera. (1788). Jinakalamali.
  6. ^ History
  7. ^ สรัสวดี อ๋องสกุล. "บทบาททางการเมือง ประวัติ และที่มาของอำนาจมหาเทวีจิรประภา". ขัตติยานีศรีล้านนา. เจ้าวงศ์สักก์ ณ เชียงใหม่ บรรณาธิการ (เชียงใหม่:วิทอินดีไซน์,2547) หน้า 31-57
  8. ^ พิเศษ เจียจันทร์พงษ์. "ลูกเขาเมียใครที่เชียงใหม่ สุโขทัย และอยุธยา" ในฟื้นฝอยหาตะเข็บ, หน้า 228
  9. ^ เฉลิมวุฒิ ต๊ะคำมี. "ข้อคิดใหม่และข้อสังเกตบางประการ : ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างชนชั้นปกครองของล้านนาและสุโขทัย" หน้า ๑๔๓-๑๘๓
  10. ^ "พงศาวดารล้านช้าง". ประชุมพงศาวดารเล่ม 44. พระนคร : ครุสภา, 2512, หน้า 161-164
  11. ^ ลำดับกษัตริย์ลาว, หน้า 103
  12. ^ a b Forbes, Andrew (2012-02-26). "Ancient Chiang Mai: King Mae Ku: From Lan Na Monarch to Burmese Nat". CPA. Archived from the original on 2012-02-26. Retrieved 2020-05-17.
  13. ^ a b c d e Hmannan Yazawin. (1832).
  14. ^ พระราชพงศาวดารพม่า, page 224
  15. ^ สรัสวดี อ๋องสกุล. ประวัติศาสตร์ล้านนา, page 280
  16. ^ a b ประชุมพงษาวดาร ภาคที่ 10 เรื่องราชวงษปกรณ์ พงษาวดารเมืองน่าน ฉบับพระเจ้าสุริยพงษ์ผริตเดช พระเจ้านครน่านให้แสนหลวงราชสมภารแต่งไว้สำหรับบ้านเมือง. Phra Nakhon province: โรงพิมพ์โสภณพิพรรฒธนากร. 1918. pp. 100–101.
  17. ^ ประชากิจกรจักร, พระยา (1973). พงศาวดารโยนก (7th ed.). กรุงเทพฯ: บุรินทร์การพิมพ์. pp. 408–410. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2024-05-01.
  18. ^ U Kala (2016). The Great Chronicle, 1597-1711. Translated by Tun Aung Chain. Yangon: MKS Publishing. pp. 157, 181, 193, 201–202, 205, 217. ISBN 9789997102201.
  19. ^ Department of Fine Arts, ed. (9 March 1937), "พระราชพงศาวดาร ฉบับพันจันทนุมาศ (เจิม)" [Phraratchaphongsawadan Chabap Phan Channumat (Choem)], ประชุมพงศาวดาร ภาคที่ ๖๔ [Collection of Historical Archives] (PDF) (in Thai), Phra Nakhon province: โรงพิมพ์โสภณพิพรรฒธนากร, retrieved 2024-05-01
  20. ^ a b c อ๋องสกุล, สรัสวดี (2003). เอียวศรีวงศ์ (ed.). พื้นเมืองเชียงแสน (นิธิ ed.). Bangkok: อมรินทร์. pp. 121–122. ISBN 9742726612.
  21. ^ a b c d สุขคตะ, เพ็ญสุภา (2023-07-16). "ตระหนัก 'ตำนานพื้นเมืองเชียงใหม่' (จบ) ความคลาดเคลื่อนที่ควรแก้ไข ทุกฝ่ายร่วมชำระใหม่แบบขยายความ - มติชนสุดสัปดาห์" (in Thai). Retrieved 2025-03-27.
  22. ^ a b c d Kirigaya, Ken (29 November 2014). "Some annotations to the Chiang Mai chronicle: The era of Burmese rule in Lan Na" (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society. 102: 275. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-02-10. Retrieved 2024-05-01 – via The Siam Society under Royal Patronage.
  23. ^ Stuart-Fox, Martin. History Dictionary of Laos (3rd ed.). Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 239. ISBN 978-0-8108-5624-0.
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