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Jagdeep Dhankhar

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Jagdeep Dhankhar
Official portrait, 2025
14th Vice President of India
In office
11 August 2022 – 21 July 2025
PresidentDroupadi Murmu
Prime MinisterNarendra Modi
Preceded byVenkaiah Naidu
Succeeded byTBD
Governor of West Bengal
In office
30 July 2019[1] – 18 July 2022[2]
Chief MinisterMamata Banerjee
Preceded byKeshari Nath Tripathi
Succeeded byLa. Ganesan (additional charge)
Union Minister of State for Parliamentary Affairs
In office
21 November 1990 – 21 June 1991
MinisterSatya Prakash Malaviya
Preceded byP. Namgyal
Succeeded byR. K. Kumar
Member of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly
In office
4 December 1993 – 29 November 1998
SpeakerHari Shankar Bhabhra
Shanti Lal Chaplot
Preceded byJagjeet Singh
Succeeded byNathu Ram
ConstituencyKishangarh[3]
Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha
In office
2 December 1989 – 21 June 1991
SpeakerRabi Ray
Preceded byMohd. Ayub Khan
Succeeded byMohd. Ayub Khan
ConstituencyJhunjhunu, Rajasthan
Personal details
Born (1951-05-18) 18 May 1951 (age 74)
Kithana, Rajasthan, India
Political partyBharatiya Janata Party
Other political
affiliations		Indian National Congress (1991–2003)
Janata Dal (until 1991)
Spouse
​
(m. 1979)​
Children1
Alma materUniversity of Rajasthan (B.Sc, LLB)
ProfessionLawyer
WebsiteOfficial Website

Jagdeep Dhankhar (Hindi pronunciation: [d͡ʒəgˈd̪iːp d̪ʱən.kʰəɽ]; born 18 May 1951) is an Indian politician and lawyer who served as the vice president of India from 2022 to 2025. He previously served as the Governor of West Bengal from 2019 to 2022. He also served as a Union Minister of State for Parliamentary Affairs in the Chandra Shekhar ministry from 1990 to 1991, and served as a member of Lok Sabha from 1989 to 1991. Between 1993 and 1998, he was a Member of Rajasthan's Legislative Assembly. He has been affiliated with multiple political parties in India, including the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), the Indian National Congress (INC), and the Janata Dal (JD).

Early life and education

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Dhankhar was born on 18 May 1951 in Kithana, a village in the Jhunjhunu district of Rajasthan, India, into a Hindu Rajasthani Jat family to Ch. Gokal Chand and Kesari Devi.[4][5] He completed his school education from Sainik School, Chittorgarh. Dhankhar completed his primary and middle school education from Kithana Government School and Ghardhana Government School respectively. He obtained his B.Sc and LLB from the University of Rajasthan, Jaipur.[6][7]

Dhankhar married Sudesh Dhankhar in 1979, and they have a daughter, Kamna[8] who is married to Kartikeya Vajpayee son of late Shri Vijay Shankar Vajpayee, and Smt. Abha Vajpayee.[9][10][11]

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Dhankhar enrolled as an advocate with the Bar Council of Rajasthan in 1979. He was designated a Senior Advocate by the High Court of Judicature for Rajasthan in 1990 and remained the senior-most designated Senior Advocate in the state until taking the oath as Governor on 30 July 2019.[12]

Since 1990, Dhankhar has practised primarily in constitutional law in the Supreme Court of India. He has appeared in the various high courts of India[13] and has also served a stint as the president of the Rajasthan High Court Bar Association.[14]

In 2016, Dhankhar appeared in the Sutlej River water dispute, representing the state of Haryana in the Supreme Court of India.[15]

Political career

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He has previously been a member of the Janata Dal and the Indian National Congress.[16] He represented the Jhunjhunu Lok Sabha constituency in Rajasthan as a member of the Janata Dal during the 9th Lok Sabha from 1989 to 1991.

He joined the Indian National Congress in 1991 and contested the 1991 Indian general election from the Ajmer Lok Sabha constituency, but lost.[17] He was later elected as a Member of the Legislative Assembly from Kishangarh, Rajasthan, serving from 1993 to 1998 in the 10th Legislative Assembly of Rajasthan.[18]

He contested the 1998 Indian general election from the Jhunjhunu Lok Sabha constituency, where he finished in third place.[17]

He joined the BJP in 2003[16] and was a member of the party's campaign committee for the 2008 assembly elections. In 2016, he headed the BJP's law and legal affairs department.[17]

Governor of West Bengal (2019–2022)

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Governor of West Bengal Jagdeep Dhankhar with Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi

On 20 July 2019, the President of India, Ram Nath Kovind, under the directions of the second Modi ministry, appointed him the Governor of West Bengal.[19] He was administered the oath of office on 30 July 2019 at the Raj Bhavan, Kolkata[20]

After becoming the Governor of West Bengal, Dhankhar had several public confrontations with the state government and West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee.[21][16] He was a vocal critic of the third Banerjee ministry,[22][23] and frequently resorted to Twitter and media to express his views on political issues. In response, the Trinamool Congress dubbed Dhankhar the "real leader of the opposition". In January 2022, CM Banerjee blocked Dhankhar on Twitter, accusing him of mentioning her daily in his tweets and engaging in unethical and abusive behaviour.[17]

On 13 July 2022, Dhankar met with Banerjee, and the Chief Minister of Assam, Himanta Biswa Sharma.[24] Dhankar subsequently visited Delhi on 15 July 2022, and met the Union Home Minister Amit Shah.[25] He resigned as Governor on 17 July 2022, after being nominated as the vice-presidential candidate of the National Democratic Alliance.[26]

Vice Presidency (2022–2025)

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2022 vice-presidential election

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Further information: 2022 Indian vice presidential election
President Droupadi Murmu administering the oath of office to Dhankhar as the 14th Vice President of India

On 16 July 2022, the BJP nominated Dhankhar as the National Democratic Alliance's candidate for Vice President of India for the 2022 election the following month.[27] Dhankhar was projected as a kisan putra (farmer's son) by the BJP.[5] He contested against the United Opposition's candidate, Margaret Alva, a former Union Minister and Governor from the Indian National Congress. On 18 July 2022, Dhankhar filed his nomination papers for the vice-president elections. He was accompanied by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and several other union ministers and BJP politicians.[28]

The elections were conducted on 6 August 2022 and votes were counted on the same evening. Dhankhar emerged victorious by securing 528 votes out of 710 valid votes over opposition candidate Margaret Alva's 182. Trinamool Congress abstained from the election with only two members voting.[29]

Dhankhar won the 2022 election with 74.37% votes and recorded a highest poll-victory margin since the 1992 election.[27][30]

Tenure

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Dhankar assumed the office on 11 August 2022 succeeding Venkaiah Naidu, with the oath administered by the President of India, Droupadi Murmu at the Rashtrapati Bhavan.[31]

Jagdeep Dhankhar addressed the joint session of both Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha in the Central Hall of Parliament on September 19, 2023, marking the end of the Indian Parliament's use of the historic building.

On 1 September 2023, Dhankhar christened the frigate INS Mahendragiri.[32]

Referring to India's civilizational history and cultural heritage, Dhankhar underlined that many tourist destinations in the country have a deep connection with Indian history, folk arts and ancient texts. On the occasion of World Tourism Day, Dhankhar described India as a “heaven for tourism”[33] and asked Indians to explore domestic tourist destinations first before looking at international travel.

Dhankhar has advocated for increasing the use of Sanskrit in daily life. Addressing the third convocation of the National Sanskrit University in Tirupati, Dhankhar discussed Sanskrit as a vital part of cultural heritage, describing it as a "cultural anchor" for human civilization. He called for efforts to increase Sanskrit's usage in daily life and emphasised its role in preserving India's cultural heritage.[34]

Dhankhar has also expressed his desire for a balanced approach between the ancient medicinal practices of Ayurveda and Siddha and modern medical sciences.[35]

As chairman of the Rajya Sabha, he reconstituted the panel of Vice-Chairpersons in the 260th session to include 17 women members of the Rajya Sabha when the Rajya Sabha discussed the Nari Shakti Vandan Vidheyak Bill, 2023.[36][37]

No-confidence motion

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The opposition in the Rajya Sabha often accused Dhankhar of being "biased" and "partisan" in his capacity as chairman of the upper house.[38] On 10 December 2024, the opposition INDIA bloc submitted a notice to move a motion of no confidence against Dhankar.[39] They accused him of indulging in partisanship, alleging that he prevented opposition members from raising issues while allowing BJP members to table issues of their choice.[40] The no-confidence motion was never tabled as the parliamentary session expired in between the 14 day mandatory notice period & the BJP decried the attack, stating that Dhankar was being targeted for his peasant origins & Jat background.[41]

Dhankar inspects the Guard of Honour at the Indian Naval Academy in May 2023

Criticism of the judiciary

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Dhankar, himself a former lawyer, has grown increasingly critical of the independence of the Indian judiciary, especially of the Supreme Court. After the Supreme Court struck down the Modi government's attempts to control judicial appointments, Dhankar criticised the decision in his maiden speech to the Rajya Sabha, stating that the actions of the court amounted to a judicial encroachment over the powers of the legislature, thereby constituting a violation of the principle of the separation of powers.[42] He has also been critical of the basic structure doctrine (that had been invoked in this case, which enshrines judicial independence).[43] In 2025 when the Supreme Court ruled that the actions of Tamil Nadu Governor R. N. Ravi (who happens to be associated with the BJP) in preventing implementation of bills passed by the Legislative Assembly (where the BJP's rival DMK has the majority since 2021) by first withdrawing assent for three years and then referring them to the President was unconstitutional, and directed the President to act quickly on the matter, Dhankar criticised the ruling, stating that the Supreme Court was breaking its boundaries and was aiming for 'unchecked power' by sidelining the legislative and executive branches of the government and criticised Article 142 of the Constitution of India (which empowered the Supreme Court to pass such directives) as a "nuclear weapon against democracy available to the judiciary 24×7".[44]

Foreign visits

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Jagdeep Dhankhar's first official foreign visit[45] as vice-president was to Cambodia in November 2022. He represented India at the ASEAN-India Commemorative Summit and the 17th East Asia Summit, marking 70 years of diplomatic relations between India and Cambodia and celebrating the 30th anniversary of India-ASEAN relations during the India-ASEAN Friendship Year.

The vice-president visited the heritage sites of Ta Prohm Temple and Angkor Wat Temple in Siem Reap and examined the restoration and conservation work at these cultural heritage sites, carried out by the Archaeological Survey of India. He inaugurated the Hall of Dancers at the Ta Prohm Temple.

At the invitation of Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, Amir of the State of Qatar, Dhankhar visited Qatar on 20–21 November 2022.[46]

Dhankhar visited London on 5–6 May 2023[47] to attend the Coronation ceremony of King Charles III on behalf of the Government of India. Dhankhar's presence marked the second time that an Indian leader attended the coronation event in the United Kingdom, since Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, who attended the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953.

Ahead of the coronation, Dhankhar and his wife, Sudesh Dhankhar met King Charles III, United States First Lady Jill Biden, Israeli President Isaac Herzog, Italian President Sergio Mattarella, Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, and other world leaders during a reception hosted by the king at Buckingham Palace.

On 22 May 2024, Dhankhar visited Iran[48] to attend the official ceremony to pay condolences on the death of President Ebrahim Raisi, Foreign Minister Hossein Amir-Abdollahian, and other officials who died in a helicopter crash on 19 May 2024.[49]

Resignation

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On 21 July 2025, Dhankhar stepped down from as Vice President, citing health concerns and stating that he wished to “prioritise health care and follow medical advice.”[50] He became the third vice president to resign before completion of his term,[51] & the first whose resignation will trigger a mid-term vice-presidential election.[a]

Electoral performance

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Indian general election, 1989: Jhunjhunu[53]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
JD Jagdeep Dhankhar 421,686 57.7
INC(I) Mohammad Ayub Khan 259,705 35.6
JP Prithvi Singh 12,737 1.7
BSP Ram Pal 2,749 0.4
Turnout 730,259 64.9
JD gain from INC(I) Swing
[54]
Indian general election, 1991: Ajmer
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
BJP Rasa Singh Rawat 211,676 48.3
INC(I) Jagdeep Dhankhar 186,333 42.5
JD Syed Zahoor Chisty 7,902 1.8
Turnout 438,424 45.5
BJP gain from INC(I) Swing
Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, 1993: Kishangarh[55]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
INC(I) Jagdeep Dhankhar 41,444 44.8
BJP Jagjeet Singh 39,486 42.7
Independent Sadar Subharati Bhai 9,019 9.8
Turnout 94,476 63.6
INC(I) gain from BJP Swing
Indian general election, 1998: Jhunjhunu[56]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
All India Indira Congress (Secular) Sis Ram Ola 338,526 44.25
BJP Madan Lal Saini 300,667 39.3
INC Jagdeep Dhankhar 94,376 12.34
Turnout 765,070 67.08
All India Indira Congress (Secular) gain from BJP Swing
This section is transcluded from 2022 Indian vice presidential election. (edit | history)
Results of the Indian vice-presidential election, 2022
Candidate
 Party (Coalition) Electoral Votes
 % of Votes
Jagdeep Dhankhar BJP (NDA) 528 74.37
Margaret Alva INC (INDIA) 182 25.63
Total 710 100
Valid Votes 710
Invalid Votes 15
Turnout 725 92.95%
Abstentions 55 7.05%
Electors 780

Notes

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  1. ^ His other two predecessors, Varahagiri Venkata Giri & Ramaswamy Venkataraman had resigned a few days before their completion of terms in order to participate in the presidential elections.[52]

See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Jagdeep Dhankhar takes oath as West Bengal Governor". Outlook. 30 July 2019. Archived from the original on 13 January 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
  2. ^ "Dhankhar resigns as Bengal guv after VP nomination, Manipur's La Ganesan gets additional charge". Hindustan Times. 17 July 2022. Archived from the original on 17 July 2022. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  3. ^ "Kishangarh Assembly Election MLA Political Data". entranceindia.com. 6 October 2018. Archived from the original on 17 July 2022. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  4. ^ "राजस्थान जाट महासभा कार्यक्रम में उपराष्ट्रपति उम्मीदवार Jagdeep Dhankar". YouTube (in Hindi). 19 July 2022. Archived from the original on 30 July 2022. Retrieved 30 July 2022. Self-identification between 2:56 and 3:02
  5. ^ a b "Bengal Governor Dhankhar set to be new Vice-President, BJP hails 'kisan putra'". IndianExpress. 17 July 2022. Archived from the original on 16 July 2022. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  6. ^ "Jagdeep Dhankhar". Facebook. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
  7. ^ "Jagdeep Dhankhar: NDA's VP candidate is a Jat leader, coffee lover and Mamata-critic". The Tribune. 16 July 2022. Archived from the original on 17 July 2022. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  8. ^ "पांच क‍िमी पैदल चल कर पढ़ने जाते थे पश्‍चिम बंगाल के राज्‍यपाल जगदीप धनकड़, सैन‍िक स्‍कूल में की है पढ़ाई". Jansatta (in Hindi). Archived from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  9. ^ "Shri Jagdeep Dhankhar sworn in as the 14th Vice President of India and Chairman of Rajya Sabha". Press Information Bureau. Retrieved 17 September 2022.
  10. ^ "पांच क‍िमी पैदल चल कर पढ़ने जाते थे पश्‍चिम बंगाल के राज्‍यपाल जगदीप धनकड़, सैन‍िक स्‍कूल में की है पढ़ाई". Jansatta (in Hindi). 11 December 2020. Archived from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
  11. ^ "All about Jagdeep Dhankar - likely next Vice-President Of India". Zee News. Archived from the original on 19 July 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
  12. ^ Saluja, Pallavi (12 August 2020). "Governor can become a "convenient punching bag" in the crossfire between political parties: Jagdeep Dhankhar, Governor of West Bengal". Bar and Bench. Archived from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  13. ^ "Our Governor: Raj Bhavan, West Bengal, India". rajbhavankolkata.nic.in. Archived from the original on 17 July 2022. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  14. ^ "Who is Jagdeep Dhankhar, NDA's vice presidential candidate?". Firstpost. 16 July 2022. Archived from the original on 17 July 2022. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  15. ^ "Vice president candidate Jagdeep Dhankhar allotted chamber in SC on twin-sharing basis | EXCLUSIVE". 19 July 2022. Archived from the original on 20 July 2022. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
  16. ^ a b c "This one for farmers: The Hindu Editorial on NDA's nomination of Jagdeep Dhankhar for Vice-President". The Hindu. 17 July 2022. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
  17. ^ a b c d "Jagdeep Dhankhar: India's Most Talked About Governor Is NDA's Vice-Presidential Candidate". The Wire. 17 July 2022. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
  18. ^ "Our Governor: Raj Bhavan, West Bengal, India". Raj Bhavan, West Bengal, India. Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  19. ^ "Centre appoints four new Governors, Jagdeep Dhankar now in-charge of West Bengal". The Hindu. 20 July 2019. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 20 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  20. ^ "Jagdeep Dhankar takes oath as West Bengal governor". The Times of India. 30 July 2019. Archived from the original on 31 July 2019. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  21. ^ Law, Abishek (23 October 2019). "Bengal Governor Jagdeep Dhankhar's tenure marked by war of words with TMC". www.thehindubusinessline.com. Archived from the original on 23 July 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  22. ^ "Bengal witnessed worst post-poll violence since Independence: Dhankhar". Hindustan Times. 15 June 2021. Archived from the original on 27 July 2022. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
  23. ^ "Situation due to post-poll violence in Bengal alarming, worrisome: Governor Jagdeep Dhankhar". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 27 July 2022. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
  24. ^ "Mamata Banerjee Meets Himanta Sarma, Jagdeep Dhankhar In Darjeeling". NDTV.com. Archived from the original on 23 July 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  25. ^ "Jagdeep Dhankhar meets Amit Shah in Delhi". Firstpost. 15 July 2022. Archived from the original on 22 July 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  26. ^ "Dhankhar resigns as Bengal guv after VP nomination, Manipur's La Ganesan gets additional charge". Hindustan Times. 17 July 2022. Archived from the original on 23 July 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  27. ^ a b "Jagdeep Dhankhar, West Bengal Governor, is NDA's Vice President candidate". The Indian Express. 16 July 2022. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
  28. ^ "Jagdeep Dhankhar Files Papers For Vice-President Polls; PM Modi By His Side". NDTV.com. Archived from the original on 23 July 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  29. ^ "Jagdeep Dhankhar Is New Vice President, Defeats Margaret Alva: 10 Points". NDTV.com. 6 August 2022. Archived from the original on 6 August 2022. Retrieved 6 August 2022.
  30. ^ "With nearly 73% votes, Jagdeep Dhankhar's Vice-Presidential poll-victory margin highest since 1997". India Today. 7 August 2022. Archived from the original on 7 August 2022. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
  31. ^ "Vice-Presidential Poll Live Updates: NDA candidate Jagdeep Dhankhar wins V-P election with 528 votes". The Indian Express. 6 August 2022. Archived from the original on 6 August 2022. Retrieved 6 August 2022.
  32. ^ "Mahendragiri was dedicated to the nation by Vice President of India". Raj Bhavan Maharashtra. Retrieved 6 November 2024.
  33. ^ Sansad TV (27 September 2024). Vice President Jagdeep Dhankhar's Address | World Tourism Day event at Vigyan Bhawan | 27 Sep 2024. Retrieved 22 November 2024 – via YouTube.
  34. ^ Sansad TV (26 April 2024). Vice-President Jagdeep Dhankhar at the 3rd Convocation of the National Sanskrit University, Tirupati. Retrieved 22 November 2024 – via YouTube.
  35. ^ "Our culture is our spine, says Vice-President". Vice President of India. Retrieved 22 November 2024.
  36. ^ Sreeparna Chakrabarty; Sandeep Phukan (19 September 2023). "Women's Reservation Bill 'Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam' introduced by the Indian Government in Lok Sabha". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 25 November 2024.
  37. ^ Raj, Neha (21 September 2023). "Historic Moment in Rajya Sabha as 13 Women Chair Nari Shakti Vandan Vidheyak Debate". PUNE.NEWS. Retrieved 25 November 2024.
  38. ^ "VP partisan, says INDIA bloc; BJP backs unfazed Dhankhar". The Times of India.
  39. ^ "Jagdeep Dhankhar: A Rajya Sabha Chairman at daggers drawn with Opposition". The Indian Express. 10 December 2024. Archived from the original on 11 December 2024. Retrieved 11 December 2024.
  40. ^ "Oppn considering submitting notice for moving resolution to remove Jagdeep Dhankhar as vice president: Sources". Deccan Herald. Archived from the original on 9 December 2024. Retrieved 11 December 2024.
  41. ^ Bhushan, Bharat (13 December 2024). "Defending Dhankhar but eroding dignity of vice president". Deccan Herald. Archived from the original on 22 June 2025. Retrieved 17 April 2025.
  42. ^ "Jagdeep Dhankhar salvo at SC: Striking down NJAC glaring disregard of mandate, House sovereignty". The Indian Express. 8 December 2022. Archived from the original on 22 June 2025. Retrieved 17 April 2025.
  43. ^ Sumeda (25 January 2023). "Explained: Understanding the 'basic structure' of the Constitution and Jagdeep Dhankar's criticism of it". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 22 June 2025. Retrieved 17 April 2025.
  44. ^ "Vice President Jagdeep Dhankar scoffs at judges who act as 'Super Parliament' for prescribing timeline to President on deciding State bills". The Hindu. 17 April 2025. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 17 April 2025. Retrieved 17 April 2025.
  45. ^ "Vice President, Shri Jagdeep Dhankhar arrives in Cambodia on his maiden three-day foreign tour". Vice President of India. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  46. ^ "FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022: Indian Vice-President Dhankar meets FIFA, world leaders". The Hindu. ANI. 21 November 2022. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  47. ^ "Foreign Visits". Vice President of India. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  48. ^ Bhattacherjee, Kallol (21 May 2024). "Vice-President to represent India at Raisi's condolence ceremony in Iran". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  49. ^ "Iran helicopter crash: What we know about how Ebrahim Raisi died". BBC. 20 May 2024. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  50. ^ "जगदीप धनखड यांचा उपराष्ट्रपतीपदाचा राजीनामा; प्रकृतीच्या कारणास्तव निर्णय". Lokmat. Retrieved 22 July 2025.
  51. ^ Verma, Saurabh (21 July 2025). "Jagdeep Dhankhar Resigns As Vice President Of India To 'Prioritise Health Care'". News18. Retrieved 21 July 2025.
  52. ^ "Jagdeep Dhankhar becomes 3rd vice president to resign mid-term: Who were the other two?".
  53. ^ "IndiaVotes:Lok Sabha 1989, Rajasthan, Jhunjhunu".
  54. ^ "IndiaVotes, Lok Sabha, 1991, Rajasthan, Ahmer".
  55. ^ "IndiaVotes, Vidhan Sabha, 1993, Rajasthan, Kishangarh".
  56. ^ "IndiaVotes:Lok Sabha, 1998, Rajasthan, Jhunjhunu".
[edit]
Lok Sabha
Preceded by Member of Parliament
for Jhunjhunu
1989–1991 		Succeeded by
Rajasthan Legislative Assembly
Preceded by
Jagjeet Singh
 Member of the Legislative Assembly
for Kishangarh
1993–1998 		Succeeded by
Nathu Ram
Government offices
Preceded by Governor of West Bengal
2019–2022 		Succeeded by
La. Ganesan
Additional Charge
Preceded by Vice President of India
2022–2025 		Succeeded by
TBD
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