Ivan Litvinchuk
Ivan Lytvynchuk | |
|---|---|
| Native name | Іван Литвинчук |
| Nickname(s) | Dubovyi |
| Born | 1917 |
| Died | 1952 Horokhiv Raion |
| Allegiance |  Ukrainian Insurgent Army |
| Service | Paramilitary |
| Rank | Colonel |
| Battles / wars | |
| Awards | Cross of Combat Merit |
Ivan Litvinchuk (pseudonym: Dubovyi; Іва́н Самі́йлович Литвинчу́к [Ivan Samiilovych Lytvynchuk], Iwan Łytwynczuk; born 1917 in Derman Druha or Biskupice Ruskie, died 1952 in Horokhiv Raion) was a commander of the military district of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), a member of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN), a war criminal, and a Major. He is believed to have been one of the organizers and initiators of the Volhynian massacre, recognized as a genocide. His units were among the first in Volhynia to begin the extermination of Poles.
Biography
[edit]He was born in 1917 in Derman Druha, Volhynia,[1] into a family of an Orthodox priest (according to other researchers, he was born in Biskupice Ruskie).
He studied at the Volhynian Orthodox Theological Academy in Kremenets. Between 1937 and 1939, he was imprisoned by Polish authorities for underground activities in the OUN.[2]
In 1943, he organized UPA units in northeastern Volhynia and became the commander of the Military District (WO) UPA "Zahrawa".[3]
Prosecutor Piotr Zając[4] and historian Grzegorz Motyka[5] suggest his possible involvement (together with Dmytro Klyachkivsky and Vasyl Ivakhiv) in the decision to carry out the Volhynian massacre.[note 1] Units under Lytvynchuk's command were among the first in Volhynia to begin the extermination of Poles.[6] Lytvynchuk directly participated in the destruction of the Janowa Dolina settlement, where his units murdered approximately 600 Poles,[7] Lytvynchuk was particularly zealous in carrying out the murders of Poles, which he often boasted about.[8]
He died in 1952 by blowing himself up in a bunker attacked by the NKVD in Horokhiv Raion[9] in Volyn Oblast.
Commemoration
[edit]A Memorial Cross was erected at the site of Ivan Lytvynchuk's death, and a school in the village of Zolochiv, Lviv Oblast was named after him.[10]
Notes
[edit]- ^ According to Ukrainian historians, there is no confirmation of this fact in OUN-UPA documents, to which Grzegorz Motyka responds by citing the analogous example of the lack of a written order from Stalin regarding the initiation of the Holodomor. See: Причини in Волинська трагедія: що сталося 70 років тому, і чого хоче польська сторона
References
[edit]- ^ V. Zavedniuk, Lytvynchuk Ivan, p. 368.
- ^ Władysław Siemaszko, Ewa Siemaszko, Ludobójstwo dokonane przez nacjonalistów ukraińskich na ludności polskiej Wołynia 1939-1945, Warsaw 2000, p. 1031, footnote 24.
- ^ Motyka 2006, p. 141.
- ^ Piotr Zając, Prześladowania ludności narodowości polskiej na terenie Wołynia w latach 1939–1945 – ocena karnoprawna zdarzeń w oparciu o ustalenia śledztwa OKŚZpNP w Lublinie, in: Zbrodnie przeszłości. Opracowania i materiały prokuratorów IPN, vol. 2: Ludobójstwo, ed. Radosław Ignatiew, Antoni Kura, Warsaw 2008, p. 37
- ^ Motyka 2006, p. 308.
- ^ Motyka 2006, p. 312.
- ^ Motyka 2006, p. 316–317.
- ^ Motyka 2006, p. 127.
- ^ Motyka 2006, p. 621.
- ^ "Золочівській школі присвоєно ім'я головного командира УПА-«Північ» «Дубового»" (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2010-03-27.
Bibliography
[edit]- Motyka, Grzegorz (2006). Ukraińska partyzantka 1942-1960. Oficyna Wydawnicza RYTM. ISBN 83-7399-163-8.
- V. Zavedniuk, Lytvynchuk Ivan [В. Заведнюк, Литвинчук Іван [w] Тернопільський енциклопедичний словник. редкол.: Г. Яворський та ін.. T. 2: К—О. Тернопіль : Видавничо-поліграфічний комбінат «Збруч», 2005, s. 368. ISBN 966-528-199-2.] TWSE: 2
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