Frank Miller (cryptographer)
Franklin Miller | |
|---|---|
.png) | |
| Born | January 19, 1842 Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States |
| Died | February 13, 1925 (aged 83) Berkeley, California, United States |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | Yale University |
| Known for | Invention of the one-time pad |
| Spouse | Sarah Ednah Pierce
(m. 1867; died 1886)Elinor Cecilia Cook (m. 1888) |
| Children | 7 |
Franklin Miller (January 19, 1842 – February 13, 1925)[1] was an American cryptographer, banker, and trustee of Stanford University. He invented the one-time pad in 1882,[2] 35 years before the patent issued to Gilbert Vernam.[3]
Born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1842, he graduated from Yale University and then joined the Union Army during the American Civil War, where he was wounded during the Second Battle of Bull Run.[3]
Miller's goal with ciphering was to save money by compressing telegraph messages. His telegraph code used code groups of 5-digits representing words and phrases common in commercial telegrams. His cipher added a number with 3 digits to each of the 5-digit groups.[4] In 1882, Miller published a code-book with corresponding numbers for 14,000 terms and parts of sentences, encouraging users to use so-called shift-numbers (3-digit codes) for extra-encryption in case particularly sensitive information is being transmitted.[5][6]
References
[edit]- ^ California, Death Index, 1905-1939, Frank Miller, died 13 February 1925 at age 83, Alameda, California; Ancestry.com [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2013. - Retrieved, 07 July 2023.
- ^ Bellovin, Steven. "Frank Miller: Inventor of the One-Time Pad" (PDF). Columbia University. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
- ^ a b John Markoff (July 25, 2011). "Codebook Shows an Encryption Form Dates Back to Telegraphs". New York Times. Retrieved 2011-07-26.
- ^ Rubin, Frank; Nichols, Randall K. (2022). Secret key cryptography: ciphers, from simple to unbreakable. Shelter Island, NY: Manning. p. 223. ISBN 978-1-63343-979-5.
- ^ Tenzer, Theo (2021). SUPER SECRETO: The third epoch of cryptography: multiple, exponential, quantum-secure and above all, simple and practical encryption for everyone? (1st ed.). Norderstedt: BoD – Books on Demand. p. 150. ISBN 978-3-7557-6117-4.
- ^ Miller, Frank (1882). Telegraphic Code to Insure Privacy and Secrecy in the Transmission of Telegrams. USA: C.M. Cornwell. pp. 3–4.