English: Comparative bar graphs show the racial shares of population, prisoners, police officers, people shot by police, and judges in the United States in the late 2010s.

Black and White populations refer to those who are categorized with only that race and exclude those also identified as Hispanic. Hispanic individuals may be of any race.

Population and imprisonment data from 2018: Gramlich, John. “Black Imprisonment Rate in the U.S. Has Fallen by a Third since 2006.” Pew Research Center (blog), May 6, 2020. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/05/06/black-imprisonment-rate-in-the-u-s-has-fallen-by-a-third-since-2006/.

People shot by police, 2015–19: Fox, Joe, Adrian Blanco, Jennifer Jenkins, Julie Tate, and Wesley Lowery. “What We’ve Learned about Police Shootings 5 Years after Ferguson.” Washington Post, August 9, 2019, sec. National. https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2019/08/09/what-weve-learned-about-police-shootings-years-after-ferguson/.

Police officers, 2018, based on the American Community Survey: Keating, Dan, and Kevin Uhrmacher. “In Urban Areas, Police Are Consistently Much Whiter than the People They Serve.” Washington Post, June 4, 2020, sec. National. https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/06/04/urban-areas-police-are-consistently-much-whiter-than-people-they-serve/.

State judges as of December 2014: George, Tracey E., and Albert H. Yoon. “Measuring Justice in State Courts: The Demographics of the State Judiciary.” Vand. L. Rev. 70 (2017): 1903.

Federal judges as of August 2019: Root, Danielle, Jake Faleschini, and Grace Oyenubi. “Building a More Inclusive Federal Judiciary.” Center for American Progress (blog), October 3, 2019. https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/courts/reports/2019/10/03/475359/building-inclusive-federal-judiciary/.