DescriptionPhylogenetic reconciliation and geography.svg
English: When reconciling geographical areas with species phylogeny we can rely on a tree like structure for the areas. With three areas A, B and C, and possibility of migration from A to B, and B to C. A species can be in all areas, so in ABC. With a vicariance event from this ABC area, the two children species can be in AB and C, or in BC and A (as there are no migration path from A and C, a species cannot be in A and C but not in B that connect them).
A species present in AB can migrate to C, to go to ABC. Or with vicariance one of its children can go to A and the other to B.
In this tree like structure the nodes can have multiple couple of children (ABC has AB and C, and A and BC).
This approach can also be used to consider uncertainty on the gene tree in gene and species reconciliation, with amalgamation.
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Captions
In biogeography, a tree like structure can be constructed to account for the possible migrations between different geographical areas.