Antimonide

Antimonides (sometimes called stibnides or stibinides) are compounds of antimony with more electropositive elements. The antimonide ion is Sb³⁻ but the term refers also to any anionic derivative of antimony.^[1]

Antimonides are often prepared by heating the elements.^[2] Alternatively, sodium electride in ammonia dissolves antimony to give an antimonide upon evaporation.^[3]

The reduction of antimony leads to alkali metal antimonides of various types, depending on stoichiometry.^[4] Known antimonides include isolated Sb³⁻ ions (in Li₃Sb and Na₃Sb). Other motifs include dumbbells Sb4−2 in Cs₄Sb₂, discrete antimony chains, for example, Sb8−6 in SrSb₃, infinite spirals (Sb⁻)_n (in NaSb, RbSb), planar four-membered rings Sb2−4, Sb3−7 cages in Li₃Sb₇,^[5] and net shaped anions Sb2−3 in BaSb₃.

Some antimonides are semiconductors, e.g. those of the boron group such as indium antimonide. Being reducing, many antimonides are decomposed by oxygen.

References

^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 554. doi:10.1016/C2009-0-30414-6. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
^ E. Dönges (1963). "Phosphides, Arsenides, Antimonides and Bismuthides". In G. Brauer (ed.). Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Vol. 2pages=985. NY, NY: Academic Press.
^ Ellis, John E. (2006-04-17). "Adventures with Substances Containing Metals in Negative Oxidation States". Inorganic Chemistry. 45 (8): 3167–3186. doi:10.1021/ic052110i. ISSN 0020-1669.
^ King, R. Bruce (2005). Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, Second Edition (2nd ed.). Wiley. p. 211. ISBN 9780470860786.
^ Beswick, Michael A.; Choi, Nick; Harmer, Christopher N.; Hopkins, Alexander D.; McPartlin, Mary; Wright, Dominic S. (1998). "Low-Temperature Synthesis of Zintl Compounds with a Single-Source Molecular Precursor". Science. 281 (5382): 1500–1501. doi:10.1126/science.281.5382.1500. PMID 9727974.

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[1] Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 554. doi:10.1016/C2009-0-30414-6. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.

[2] E. Dönges (1963). "Phosphides, Arsenides, Antimonides and Bismuthides". In G. Brauer (ed.). Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Vol. 2pages=985. NY, NY: Academic Press.

[3] Ellis, John E. (2006-04-17). "Adventures with Substances Containing Metals in Negative Oxidation States". Inorganic Chemistry. 45 (8): 3167–3186. doi:10.1021/ic052110i. ISSN 0020-1669.

[4] King, R. Bruce (2005). Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, Second Edition (2nd ed.). Wiley. p. 211. ISBN 9780470860786.

[5] Beswick, Michael A.; Choi, Nick; Harmer, Christopher N.; Hopkins, Alexander D.; McPartlin, Mary; Wright, Dominic S. (1998). "Low-Temperature Synthesis of Zintl Compounds with a Single-Source Molecular Precursor". Science. 281 (5382): 1500–1501. doi:10.1126/science.281.5382.1500. PMID 9727974.

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v t e Monatomic anion compounds
Group 1	H⁻
Group 13	B Al Ga In Tl
Group 14	C Si Ge Sn Pb
Group 15 (Pnictides)	N³⁻ P³⁻ As³⁻ Sb³⁻ Bi³⁻
Group 16 (Chalcogenides)	O²⁻ S²⁻ Se²⁻ Te²⁻ Po²⁻
Group 17 (Halides)	F⁻ Cl⁻ Br⁻ I⁻ At⁻

See also

References