3,3',4,4'-Benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride

3,3',4,4'-Benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride
Names
	IUPAC name 5-(1,3-dioxo-2-benzofuran-5-carbonyl)-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione
	Other names 4,4′-Carbonyldiphthalic anhydride; 1,3-Isobenzofurandione, 5,5′-carbonylbis-; Benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride; 4,4′-Diphthalic anhydride ketone;
Identifiers
CAS Number	2421-28-5 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Abbreviations	BTDA
ChEMBL	ChEMBL3183537;
ChemSpider	68027;
ECHA InfoCard	100.017.590
EC Number	219-348-1;
PubChem CID	75498;
UNII	Y61GVA8097;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID3029233 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C17H6O7/c18-13(7-1-3-9-11(5-7)16(21)23-14(9)19)8-2-4-10-12(6-8)17(22)24-15(10)20/h1-6H Key: VQVIHDPBMFABCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N;
	SMILES C1=CC2=C(C=C1C(=O)C3=CC4=C(C=C3)C(=O)OC4=O)C(=O)OC2=O;
Properties
Chemical formula	C17H6O7
Molar mass	322.228 g·mol−1
Melting point	218–222 °C (424–432 °F; 491–495 K)
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statements	H319: Causes serious eye irritation; H335: May cause respiratory irritation;
Precautionary statements	P261: Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.; P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.; P271: Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.; P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.; P304+P340+P312: IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.; P305+P351+P338: IF IN EYES: Rinse continuously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.; P337+P313: If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.; P403+P233: Store in a well ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.; P405: Store locked up.; P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...;
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

3,3’,4,4’-Benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) is chemically, an aromatic organic acid dianhydride.

Uses

Its use in epoxy powder coatings is slightly unusual in that many epoxy coatings are designed to be fairly close to a stoichiometric curing ratio. BDTA cured materials benefit from having the stoichiometry closer to 0.65 rather than 1.^[2] It is also used to synthesize polyimides. These have good flexibility because of the carbonyl and keto groups which increase the molecular distancing between the imide rings. This improves the solubility.^[vague]^[3]^[4] The resultant product when combined with nano-technology produces composites with enhanced heat stability properties.^[5]

Safety

It is REACH and TSCA registered.^[why?] Exposure causes serious eye irritation and may cause respiratory irritation.^[6]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Sigma-Aldrich Co., Benzophenone-3,3′,4,4′-tetracarboxylic dianhydride. Retrieved on 22-March-2025.
^ "Toward High Glass-Transition Temperatures in Epoxy Powder Coatings Based on BTDA®". American Coatings Association. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
^ F. Röhrscheid "Carboxylic Acids, Aromatic" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2012. doi:10.1002/14356007.a05_249
^ Faghihi, Khalil; Ashouri, Mostafa; Hajibeygi, Mohsen (2013-10-25). "High Temperature and Organosoluble Poly(amide-imide)s Based on 1,4-Bis[4-aminophenoxy]butane and Aromatic Diacids by Direct Polycondensation: Synthesis and Properties". High Temperature Materials and Processes. 32 (5): 451–458. doi:10.1515/htmp-2012-0164. ISSN 2191-0324. S2CID 97696111.
^ Pooladian, Baharak; Alavi Nikje, Mir Mohammad (2018-12-12). "Preparation and Characterization of Novel Poly(Urethane-Imide) Nanocomposite Based on Graphene, Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide". Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering. 57 (18): 1845–1857. doi:10.1080/03602559.2018.1434669. ISSN 0360-2559. S2CID 103771291.
^ "Benzophenone-3,3′,4,4′-tetracarboxylic dianhydride". SigmaAldrich.

[sigma-1] Sigma-Aldrich Co., Benzophenone-3,3′,4,4′-tetracarboxylic dianhydride. Retrieved on 22-March-2025.

[2] "Toward High Glass-Transition Temperatures in Epoxy Powder Coatings Based on BTDA®". American Coatings Association. Retrieved 2023-07-24.

[Ullmann-3] F. Röhrscheid "Carboxylic Acids, Aromatic" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2012. doi:10.1002/14356007.a05_249

[4] Faghihi, Khalil; Ashouri, Mostafa; Hajibeygi, Mohsen (2013-10-25). "High Temperature and Organosoluble Poly(amide-imide)s Based on 1,4-Bis[4-aminophenoxy]butane and Aromatic Diacids by Direct Polycondensation: Synthesis and Properties". High Temperature Materials and Processes. 32 (5): 451–458. doi:10.1515/htmp-2012-0164. ISSN 2191-0324. S2CID 97696111.

[5] Pooladian, Baharak; Alavi Nikje, Mir Mohammad (2018-12-12). "Preparation and Characterization of Novel Poly(Urethane-Imide) Nanocomposite Based on Graphene, Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide". Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering. 57 (18): 1845–1857. doi:10.1080/03602559.2018.1434669. ISSN 0360-2559. S2CID 103771291.

[6] "Benzophenone-3,3′,4,4′-tetracarboxylic dianhydride". SigmaAldrich.

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