12th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment
| 12th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry | |
|---|---|
 Memorial on the Manassas National Battlefield Park to Colonel Fletcher Webster, original commander of the 12th Massachusetts Infantry | |
| Active | June 14, 1861–July 8, 1864 |
| Country |  United States of America |
| Allegiance | Union |
| Branch | Union Army |
| Type | Infantry |
| Size | 1,522 |
| Part of | In 1863: 2nd Brigade (Baxter's), 2nd Division (Robinson's), I Corps, Army of the Potomac |
| Nickname(s) | "Webster Regiment" |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders | Colonel Fletcher Webster Colonel (later Brigadier General) James L. Bates |
| Insignia | |
| I Corps badge (2nd Division) |  |
| Massachusetts U.S. Volunteer Infantry Regiments 1861-1865 | ||||
|
The 12th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment in the Union army during the American Civil War. It was formed on June 14, 1861, in Boston, Massachusetts. Its original commander was Colonel Fletcher Webster, son of the famed U.S. Senator from Massachusetts, Daniel Webster. The unit was known as the Webster Regiment after its first colonel.[1]
Organization and early duty
[edit]Col. Webster began recruiting in April 1861 shortly after the attack on Fort Sumter. At that time, most recruits in Massachusetts were used to fill up the ranks in the existing state militia regiments, so it was several weeks before Webster was able to recruit a full regiment. The unit was trained at Fort Warren in Boston harbor.[1] On July 19, 1861, it was reviewed by Governor John Albion Andrew on Boston Common and presented with its colors. On July 23, the 12th Massachusetts departed Boston for the war front.[2]
The regimental surgeon was Jedediah Hyde Baxter, son of Congressman Portus Baxter. J. H. Baxter later served as Surgeon General of the United States Army.[3]
The 12th Massachusetts was first assigned to the Army of the Shenandoah under the command of Major General Nathaniel P. Banks. Until the spring of 1862, it was employed in uneventful picket duty in the vicinity of Frederick, Maryland.[4] In late February, as part of Brigadier General John Abercrombie's brigade, the regiment moved into Virginia. On April 18, 1862, while on picket duty along the Rappahannock River, its men exchanged sporadic fire with Confederates on the other side of the river. This was its first engagement in hostile fire.[4]
At the Battle of Antietam, the 12th Massachusetts fought in George Hartsuff's brigade, as part of Joseph Hooker's I Corps, in the morning attack on the Cornfield. The regiment lost 224 of its 334 men in the attack, or 67% of its strength; this was the highest percentage casualty rate of any Union regiment in the battle.[5]
Notable members
[edit]- Colonel Fletcher Webster—son of Congressman Daniel Webster.
- Private John Edward Gilman, Company E - 40th Commander-in-Chief of the Grand Army of the Republic, 1910-1911
-
Colonel Fletcher Webster -
John Gilman, at left in center row
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ a b Bowen, 219.
- ^ Bowen, 220.
- ^ University of Vermont Alumni Association, University of Vermont Obituary Record, Volume 1, 1895, page 121
- ^ a b Bowen, 222.
- ^ "The Dead of Antietam". 24 September 2012.
Sources
[edit]- "Twelfth Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry". Massachusetts Soldiers, Sailors, and Marines in the Civil War. Massachusetts Adjutant General. 1937. Archived from the original on 2011-08-22. Retrieved September 10, 2011.
- Bowen, James L. (1889). Massachusetts in the War, 1861–1865. Clark W. Bryan & Co.
- Schouler, William (1868). A History of Massachusetts in the Civil War. E.P. Dutton & Co.